Biomedical subjects

Ivan L Beale

Publications and source records attributed to Ivan L Beale.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Scholarly literature review: Efficacy of psychological interventions for pediatric chronic illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: To review empirical studies of the efficacy of psychological interventions as adjuvant therapies for children with pediatric diabetes, cancer, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease. METHODS: A search was conducted for qualifying studies published since 1980. Only studies meeting basic criteria for external and internal validity were included. Nineteen studies were identified, providing data on 62 outcome variables. Effect sizes (ESs) were analyzed by illness type, intervention type, and strength of internal and external validity of the research design. RESULTS: Overall, interventions were associated with large ESs, which were not significantly moderated by illness type or intervention type. However, larger ESs were associated with lower scores on validity of research design. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant psychological interventions for pediatric chronic illnesses appear in general to be efficacious, associated with a large mean ES across a range of outcome variables. However, until more studies have been completed using stronger research designs, only tentative conclusions can be drawn.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

An evaluation model for psychoeducational interventions using interactive multimedia.

A review of published evaluations of psychoeducational interventions using interactive digital multimedia shows that evaluations typically address only some of the areas that collectively would constitute a comprehensive evaluation. There appears to be a need for an accepted standard for these evaluations, based on a general evaluation model that encompasses all relevant aspects of development, efficacy and use of multimedia interventions. A comprehensive model is proposed which includes special features of multimedia interventions that lead to unique evaluation requirements. The model integrates relevant aspects of program evaluation and clinical trials models in order to provide a unique model that includes all the evaluation domains relevant to digital multimedia interventions. These include evaluation of intervention theory, intervention design strategies, the formative process, intervention efficacy (process and outcome) and contextual issues such as evaluability assessment, reporting and stakeholder issues. The application of individual components of the model is illustrated with reference to problems in the evaluation literature on a particular type of digital multimedia intervention, electroencephalographic biofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The model should be useful for researchers planning evaluations of digital multimedia interventions, especially in the psychoeducational domain. This paper provides a theoretical and evidential background for the evaluation model, and includes a checklist and flowchart for the planning and conduct of the evaluation.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of self-care and dependent-care advice given by pediatric oncology nurses.

This article reports a survey of the current practices of pediatric oncology nurses in advising patients and families about symptom reporting and self-care interventions. A questionnaire was mailed to 1000 pediatric oncology nurses requesting information about age, years of experience in nursing and pediatric oncology nursing, current work setting, and professional position. Recipients were asked about their practices for advising patients and their families about self-care measures and reporting of adverse symptoms. Analysis of 135 valid responses showed evidence of both consensus and variability in nursing practice, with variability being partly attributable to differences in nurses'work settings (inpatient vs. outpatient) and differences in experience level. There was good consensus on nurses' recommending of several self-care interventions for eight common adverse symptoms and for advice that patients should promptly report to health providers certain symptoms or events.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric oncology professionals' perceptions of information needs of adolescent patients with cancer.

In contrast to the extensive research on the information needs of older patients with cancer, the question of what information is most relevant for adolescents seems to have been addressed in only one published study. The aim of the present study was to update and extend the sole previous survey of oncology professionals' views about the information needs of adolescent patients. This was achieved by including professionals other than physicians, by structuring the questionnaire to show whether perceived information needs were different for the time of diagnosis versus during treatment, and by differentiating between the 6 cancer diagnoses most commonly affecting adolescents. Fifteen hundred surveys were distributed to pediatric cancer professionals, and 556 valid returns were analyzed. The main finding was that information was considered more important to provide during treatment than at the time of diagnosis. Also, medical information topics were generally considered more essential than psychological topics. The magnitude of this difference was influenced to a small extent by professional discipline, gender, age and experience of respondent, and whether the information was being given at diagnosis or during treatment. It is notable that whereas respondents generally were confident in their ability to communicate information, physicians rated themselves as better communicators at the time of diagnosis than during treatment.

Adolescent↗