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Biomedical subjects

Iven H Young

Publications and source records attributed to Iven H Young.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Adult domiciliary oxygen therapy. Position statement of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a stable daytime PaO2 of < or = 55 mmHg (7.3 kPa) live longer and have a better quality of life if provided with long-term continuous oxygen therapy. It is reasonable to offer continuous oxygen therapy also to patients with other lung diseases that cause chronic hypoxaemia. Indications for supplemental oxygen therapy during exercise (ambulatory oxygen therapy) and sleep (nocturnal oxygen therapy) are less clear.

Australia↗
PubMed2005

Gas exchange and exercise tolerance following bullectomy.

This study evaluates the physiological responses to giant bullectomy. A 42-year-old female with bilateral giant bullae presented with dyspnoea and exercise limitation. At baseline and 3 months after bullectomy she had tests of lung function; exercise capacity via a symptom-limited cycle test and a 6-min walk test (6MWT). Quality of life (QoL) and gas exchange using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) were also assessed. There were significant improvements in pulmonary function following surgery with the FEF(25-75%) predicted increasing from 16 to 96. The 6MWT increased by 10% and the peak leg work capacity by 48%. A MIGET measure of the distribution of perfusion (Log SDQ) fell from 0.52 to 0.36. There was also radiological improvement in hyperinflation and diaphragmatic configuration. The QoL total score decreased from 56 to 25. This patient demonstrated significant improvements in exercise tolerance, gas exchange and QoL following bullectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Inhaled mannitol for the treatment of mucociliary dysfunction in patients with bronchiectasis: effect on lung function, health status and sputum.

OBJECTIVE: Inhaled mannitol increases mucus clearance in patients with bronchiectasis by an unclear mechanism. The effect of mannitol on lung function, health status and sputum properties was investigated. METHODOLOGY: Nine patients with bronchiectasis inhaled 400 mg of mannitol once daily for 12 days. Health status was assessed using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Sputum was analysed for viscosity, elasticity, spinnability, surface tension, contact angle, solids, mucociliary transportability (MCTR) on a frog palate, and cough transportability (CTR) on a simulated cough machine. RESULTS: Lung function was unchanged with treatment (baseline FEV1 82.0 +/- 16.2%) apart from an improvement in FEF from 85.4 +/- 13% (baseline) to 90.7 +/- 14.4% (P < 0.05; 12th treatment; visit 7). The total SGRQ score (mean +/- SD) of 49.3 +/- 13.8 at baseline, decreased by 12.4 +/- 10.2 (P < 0.01; visit 7) and 10.1 +/- 9.4 units (P < 0.02) 6-10 days after treatment cessation. The baseline subscores for symptoms (72.9 +/- 11.8), activity (44.7 +/- 20.9) and impact (44.4 +/- 14.3) were reduced by 0.8 +/- 9.1 (P > 0.7), 8.4 +/- 16.0 (P > 0.1) and 19.2 +/- 13.7 (P < 0.005) units, respectively (visit 7). Mannitol reduced the baseline (mean +/- SE) surface tension from 94.5 +/- 1.4 to 84.7 +/- 2.1 mN/m (P < 0.0001), contact angle from 51.1 +/- 2.8 to 33.2 +/- 2.4 degrees (P < 0.0001), spinnability from 11.6 +/- 0.4 to 10.0 +/- 0.2 mm (P < 0.005), and solids from 5.7 +/- 0.4 to 4.3 +/- 0.7% (P < 0.02), acutely (visit 7). Viscosity, elasticity and MCTR did not change significantly, while CTR was increased from 25.8 +/- 1.0 to 34.1 +/- 2.7 mm (P < 0.003). CONCLUSION: Mannitol significantly improved the health status over 12 days and this improvement was maintained for 6-10 days after cessation of treatment. In addition, mannitol reduced the tenacity, increased the hydration of mucus acutely and improved cough clearability in patients with bronchiectasis.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic asthma: effects of beta agonists.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC). We investigated baseline MCC and the acute effect of terbutaline in chronic asthmatics with sputum production while on long-term treatment with salmeterol in combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). METHODOLOGY: MCC was measured at baseline and in response to 1 mg terbutaline (or placebo) on three visits over 80 min in 16 asthmatics (52+/-13 years of age). Subjects who had greater than 10% absolute increase in MCC above baseline and placebo, after terbutaline, were categorized in group A and subjects who had less than 10% in group B. RESULTS: In group A subjects (n=6), MCC increased from 23.7+/-4.0% at baseline to 43.7+/-4.9% with terbutaline (P<0.0001) and to 34.4+/-5.7% with placebo (P<0.01). In group B subjects (n=10), MCC remained similar: 11.3+/-3.2% at initial baseline, 12.0+/-3.2% with terbutaline and 7.3+/-3.0% with placebo (P>0.05). Group B subjects withdrew from all beta(2) agonists for a week and MCC was remeasured. After withdrawal, baseline MCC (7.0+/-1.8%) was similar to the initial baseline value (P>0.1) and MCC with terbutaline (15.8+/-4.9%) was greater than baseline (P<0.005) but remained abnormal in most subjects. Baseline percentage predicted FEV(1) and FEF(25--75%) were 77.3+/-7.2 and 41.7+/-5.6 in group A and 59.9+/-8.1 and 29.5+/-8.4 in group B subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION: MCC was impaired in most of these asthmatics with persistent airway obstruction and sputum production, despite regular treatment with ICS and salmeterol. In addition, there was little or no stimulation of MCC acutely after terbutaline in most of these asthmatics.

Administration, Inhalation↗