Biomedical subjects
J A Butler
Publications and source records attributed to J A Butler.
Assessment of adjunctive behaviors in humans using a stringent control procedure.
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New directions in the evaluation and education of handicapped children.
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which went into effect last October, ensures the right of handicapped children to free appropriate public education. State and local education agencies are required to identify, evaluate and provide services for all disabled children. This multibilliondollar program will guarantee special education resources for up to 12 per cent of American children. A role for physicians in the program is implied rather than defined in the law. Their involvement will vary somewhat from state to state, but will at a minimum involve counseling parents whose children are under evaluation. The law assumes a sophistication of diagnostic ability and curriculum design that does not yet exist, and therefore places a special burden upon physicians to deal effectively with patients now, while developing better training programs and assessment tools, and makes essential the enhancement of the communication between doctors and educators.
Medicaid and children: some recent lessons and reasonable next steps.
This article analyzes the recent federal experience in subsidizing health care services for low-income children. The overall equalizing effects of Medicaid are discussed, as are those of Medicaid's component that promotes preventive services for children, the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment program (EPSDT). Both Medicaid and EPSDT have provided poor children greater access to services, but, due to their insurance-based approach, have been unable to resolve structural inequities inherent in the present health care delivery system. The Comprehensive Health Assessment Plan (CHAP), a recent Administration proposal to revise and expand EPSDT, is also discussed and characterized as providing some improvement but retaining the underlying limitations of EPSDT. Four alternatives are proposed that could complement CHAP at limited additional cost.
Self-care program for inpatients in a mental hospital.
SUMMARY: A self-care program for selected inpatients in a mental hospital has been developed and has been in operation for more than a year. The 12-bed unit operates without any nursing or other professional staff during the night and weekend. Certain factors, including the mental hospital as an organization, tend to hamper the development of this type of program as well as the progress and growth of other programs in psychiatric hospitals. It is suggested that the much needed progress in the mental hospital would be facilitated by an open-systems approach to its organization. Mental hospitals should consider the introduction of self-care programs for selected patients, mainly in view of their therapeutic potential, but also because of the financial savings such programs offer.
Effect of the "salmon poisoning" trematode, Nanophyetus salmincola, on the swimming ability of juvenile salmonid fishes.
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Recent investigations on histones and their functions.
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Inhibition of RNA polymerase by histones.
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Countercurrent-distribution studies on histones.
1. The possibilities of fractionating histones and histone fractions by means of countercurrent distribution between two phases formed by water and butan-2-ol, in the presence of various concentrations of trichloroacetic acid, have been examined. 2. Although the principal histone fractions differ considerably in their partition ratios, a satisfactory resolution of the principal histone fractions from the whole histone has not been achieved. 3. The histone fractions obtained by other methods can be resolved with suitable concentrations of trichloroacetic acid. Besides the main peak several subsidiary peaks are obtained in most cases, the composition of which corresponds with others of the main fractions. 4. The method is therefore capable of removing from the principal fractions as previously prepared contamination by other fractions. 5. Except in one case, no fraction with composition unlike other fractions has been obtained. In several cases the material isolated from the principal peak behaves as a single component on running again. In two cases fractions with similar compositions were distinguished by countercurrent distribution.
Effects of irradiation on synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and mitosis in synchronous cultures of HeLa cells.
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A comparison of histone fractions from an "osteogenic" rat tumor and calf thymus.
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Trout-liver histones.
1. The histones of trout liver were examined and four main fractions (f1, f2b, f2a and f3) were isolated and characterized. 2. The amino acid analyses, N-terminal group analyses and starch-gel electrophoresis patterns are remarkably similar to the corresponding fractions of calf thymus. 3. The group f2a was also separated into two subfractions, f2al and f2a2, which are similar to those of calf thymus.
Role of histones and other proteins in gene control.
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Variations in phosphokinase activities during the cell cycle in synchronous populations of HeLa cells.
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Interactions between histones and nucleic acids.
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Biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Bacillus megaterium. 4. Roles of the 'nuclear' cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic-membrane components of the cell in the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid.
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Health and special education: a study of new developments for handicapped children in five metropolitan communities.
Since the implementation in 1977 of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142), public school systems have provided special education and related services to students with a wide range of handicapping conditions, including some children served previously in hospitals or other institutions. Although the Federal law does not require physician participation in the special education process, it does imply an active new role for the medical care community, both public and private, in helping schools to identify and diagnose children with disabilities and in ensuring that those children have adequate access to health services. This study explores the experience of five nationally dispersed urban school systems in implementing P.L. 94-142, with particular reference to the interaction of physicians and the schools. The findings highlight continued problems with early identification of certain types of childhood handicaps, classification of children's functional disorders, and adequate participation of practicing physicians in the program, especially with regard to developmental and behavioral issues. In addition, inequities in community health services are documented for a substantial number of the children studied. Improved collaboration between the health and education sectors is needed to address these concerns in order to fulfill the intent of national special education policy and to maximize the potentialities of these children and their families.
Use and sources of payment for health and community services for children with impaired mobility.
A survey was made of the parents of 380 children whose mobility impairments require the use of a wheelchair, walker, or braces. They were asked about equipment, health services, related services, and family support services used during the previous year. There was extensive use of equipment and traditional medical and health services, such as visits to primary care and specialist physicians; there was moderate use of related health services, such as physical or occupational therapy and child counseling; and there was very little use of community-based family support services, such as respite care, after-school care, homemaker services, and summer camp. The cost of health care, particularly medical specialty care, was defrayed in large part by private insurance and public programs, such as Medicaid and Title V Programs for children with special health care needs, while financial support for related services, such as physical therapy and speech therapy, came largely through the schools. Compared to funding for health and related services, financial aid for community-based family support services is largely lacking.