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Biomedical subjects

J A Carruthers

Publications and source records attributed to J A Carruthers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Botulinum-A toxin treatment of the lower eyelid improves infraorbital rhytides and widens the eye.

Botulinum-A exotoxin (BTX-A) can be used cosmetically to improve rhytides, particularly of the upper one-third of the face. In this study, fifteen women had BTX-A (BOTOX, Allergan, Inc.) injected into the orbicularis oculi muscle. One lower eyelid received two units just subdermally in the midpupillary line three millimeters below the ciliary margin. The opposite periocular area received two units BTX-A in the lower eyelid with 12 units BTX-A injected into the lateral orbital ("crow's foot") area. Three injections of four units each were placed 1.5 cm from the lateral canthus, each 1 cm apart. Patients and physicians independently evaluated the degree of improvement (grade 0 = no improvement, grade 1 = mild improvement, grade 2 = moderate improvement, and grade 3 = dramatic improvement). An independent photographic analysis was performed. Patients reported a grade of 0.73 when two units were injected alone into the lower lid, and a grade of 1.9 when the lower eyelid and the lateral orbital areas were injected. Physician assessment was grade 0.7 with injection of the eyelid alone and grade 1.8 with injection of the lower eyelid and lateral orbital area. Single investigator photographic analysis demonstrated that 40% of the subjects who had injection of the lower eyelid alone had an increased palpebral aperture (IPA), while 86% of the subjects who had injection of the lower eyelid and lateral orbital area had an IPA. Subjects receiving two units alone had an average 0.5 mm IPA and a mean 1.3 mm IPA at full smile. Concomitant treatment of the lateral orbital area produced a mean 1.8 mm IPA at rest and a mean 2.9 mm IPA at full smile. The results were more notable in the Asian eye. Two units of BTX-A injected into the lower eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle improves infraorbital wrinkles, particularly when used in combination with BTX-A treatment of the lateral orbital area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Is there a rationale for the drugs used in hair transplantation surgery?

BACKGROUND: Various medications may be used before, during, or after hair transplantation surgery (HTS) with the aims of maximizing patient comfort, reducing unwanted side effects, and improving the results of HTS. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the current practice pattern and rationale for drug prescribing by a group of leading hair transplant surgeons and to review the literature for the evidence upon which these prescribing patterns were based. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 16 hair transplant surgeons from the United States and Canada, and the answers were analyzed. The relevant evidence-based literature concerning HTS was reviewed by medicine search. RESULTS: Questionnaires suitable for analysis were received from 14 of the surgeons. There were many differences in the pattern of prescribing drugs for the HTS procedure. There was general agreement about the use of local anesthetics but no consensus about the withholding of agents that might increase bleeding; the use of pre- and postoperative analgesics; the use of topical and systemic antibiotics; the use of corticosteroids; or minoxidil. Randomized controlled studies relating to these issues for HTS were not identified in the literature. CONCLUSION: A lack of consensus exists about the drugs used in HTS based on a lack of evidence-based medicine.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

Metarhodopsin III formation and decay kinetics: comparison of bovine and human rhodopsin.

Absorbance spectra were recorded at various times after photolysis of hypotonically washed membrane suspensions of human and bovine rhodopsin (pH 7 or 8, T = 20 or 37 degrees C). Global data analysis showed that at 20 degrees C, metarhodopsin III formation was the only process occurring from 1 to 30 min following photolysis. At pH 8, a significant amount of human metarhodopsin I was present before metarhodopsin III formed. At 37 degrees C, two decay processes were seen, formation of metarhodopsin III (lifetime 113 +/- 3 sec bovine, 93 +/- 2 sec human) and formation of a species with the properties of n-retinylidine opsin (lifetime 900 +/- 150 sec bovine, 2000 +/- 350 sec human). A larger fraction of human rhodopsin (approximately 50%) is converted to metarhodopsin III than is the case for bovine rhodopsin (approximately 35%).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Microlipoinjection for the elevation of depressed full-thickness skin grafts on the nose.

BACKGROUND: Full-thickness skin grafts on the dorsum of the nose may heal depressed and might benefit from elevation. Microlipoinjection has been used to elevate depressed tissue; however, the long-term persistence of the augmentation is questioned. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether microlipoinjection beneath depressed full-thickness grafts on the dorsum of the nose can provide effective and persistent graft elevation. METHODS: Microlipoinjection was performed at one to three sessions under depressed full-thickness skin grafts on the nose of four patients. Their appearance was assessed clinically and photographically for the amount of correction at their last postmicrolipoinjection visit. RESULTS: All four patients had clinically significant elevation of their full-thickness skin graft. In the two patients followed for over 3 years, significant augmentation persisted. CONCLUSION: Microlipoinjection can provide cosmetically useful soft tissue augmentation under depressed full-thickness skin grafts; this augmentation can persist.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin.

Eighteen patients with glabellar frown lines were treated with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. Sixteen of the 17 patients followed showed improvement for periods ranging from 3 months to 11 months. Side-effects were minimal and transient. Because C. botulinum-A exotoxin therapy of glabellar frown lines treats the underlying cause of these lines, it is more effective than soft tissue augmentation although this improvement is temporary. Treatment with C. botulinum-A exotoxin is a simple, safe procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Trends in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987.

Major increases have occurred in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, as well as in cutaneous malignant melanoma during the period 1973 through 1987 in British Columbia. The greatest increases in basal and squamous cell carcinomas are on the head and neck. This indicates that exposure to sunlight is the major causative factor. The greatest increase in melanoma is on the trunk in men and on the lower limbs in women. The dramatic increases in nonmelanoma skin cancers in British Columbia, a relatively low sunlight area, suggest that major prevention programs are needed in areas that are not considered "sunspots."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Basal-cell carcinomas of the temple.

A size comparison of basal-cell carcinomas on the temple referred for microscopically controlled excision (chemosurgery, fresh-tissue type) with those on the cheek confirms that tumors in the former area are larger than those in the latter. Possible reasons for this size difference are considered. Of the most interest is the fact that the size differential was not due to a higher incidence of larger, sclerosing tumors. The temple should probably be considered a "high risk" location similar to the perinasal, periocular, and periauricular areas and the scalp.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Perioral dermatitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Herpes gestationis: clinical features of immunologically proved cases.

Clinical features of eight immunopathologically proved cases of herpes gestationis (HG) are presented. They are compared with those of anearlier, clinically defined series. The important, features of the disease are identical in the two groups, particularly the worsening with subsequent pregnancies, absence of intervening HG-free pregnancies, and the exacerbation with delivery and estrogens. The immunopathologic investigations are a reliable, diagnostic aid in differentiating HG from other dermatoses of pregnancy with which it may, at times, be confused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Herpes gestationis: studies on the binding characteristics, activity and pathogenetic significance of the complement-fixing factor.

The sera of seven out of eight patients with Herpes gestationis contained a factor which fixed C3 but not detectable amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig) on the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of normal human skin. Using C2-deficient human serum and C4-deficient guinea-pig serum, fixation was shown to be dependent upon activation of the classical pathway, and chromatography and immunoabsorption studies indicated the H. gestationis factor to be an IgG immunoglobulin. In all seven sera the H. gestationis factor bound to, and could be eluted from, the eluate of staphylococcal protein A. Although the H. gestationis factor failed to block staining of human sera by a FITC-conjugated antibody prepared from bullous pemphigoid (BP) serum, complement fixation by five out of seven sera of patients with H. gestationis was blocked using F(ab')2 of IgG prepared from pooled BP serum. In a single patient rapid resolution of lesions followed plasma exchange on two separate occasions, indicating the pathogenetic importance of humoral factors in this disease.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1977

Immunopathological studies in herpes gestationis.

Four cases of herpes gestationis are reported and the immunopathological findings in these patients described. Complement deposition at the basement membrane zone of the patients' peri-bullous skin was seen in all patients, immunoglobulin deposition in two. A circulating factor capable of fixing complement on the basement membrane zone of normal human skin was present in three patients. These findings are discussed and compared with the immunopathological findings in bullous pemphigoid.

Adult↗