Parental expressed emotion and affective style in an adolescent sample at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
J A Doane
Publications and source records attributed to J A Doane.
Family interaction and the course of adolescent psychopathology: an analysis of adolescent and parent effects.
This study focused on evaluating the utility of three family measures for predicting outcome in a sample of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents: (a) the affective quality of the adolescents' voice tone when communicating with his/her parents; (b) the predominant affective quality of the parents' voice tones when communicating with the adolescent, and (c) the affective quality of the content of the parents' verbalizations to the adolescent. These measures were derived from 5-minute face-to-face discussions between parents and their disturbed adolescent. Results indicated that adolescents using positive or neutral voice tones during emotionally laden discussions with their parents tended to show relatively adequate levels of psychosocial adjustment as young adults, while adolescents using exclusively negative voice tones tended to show sufficient adjustment difficulties in early adulthood to warrant diagnoses within the extended schizophrenia spectrum. Although adolescent voice tone was associated with outcome, considering both adolescent and parent affective response led to improved prediction, with consideration of adolescent and parent variables leading to accurate prediction of outcome for 30 of the 33 sample cases.
Adolescent↗
Family factors in the onset, course, and treatment of schizophrenic spectrum disorders: an update on current research.
Recent findings from several research projects on the role of family factors in the onset, course, and treatment of schizophrenia are discussed. The report emphasizes several key issues facing researches in this field such as how family characteristics associated with onset are related to the course of schizophrenia, replicability of findings on expressed emotion and relapse rates, and the construct validity of measures of familial characteristics. Ongoing studies employing neuroleptic treatment and family therapy are outlined, and the implications of these preliminary findings are discussed.
Adult↗
Parental communication deviance as a predictor of competence in children at risk for adult psychiatric disorder.
Measures of communication deviance derived from three different Rorschach situations were obtained from parents of 62 children vulnerable to future psychiatric disturbance. The families were maritally intact, with one parent having a history of previous psychiatric hospitalization and a male index child, 7 or 10 years of age. Amount of parental communication deviance in one situation was not significantly related to amount of communication deviance observed in another setting. However, mothers who exhibited high levels of communication deviance in both the Individual and Family Consensus situations tended to have offspring who were judged as low functioning in multiple settings, based on teacher ratings, peer ratings, and parental report. Conversely, children judged as high functioning in multiple settings had mothers who were free of high levels of communication deviance in both Rorschach situations.
Child↗
Parental communication deviance and affective style. Predictors of subsequent schizophrenia spectrum disorders in vulnerable adolescents.
In an attempt to assess the contributory role of family factors to the development of schizophrenia-like disorders, measures of parental communication deviance and affective styles of communication were obtained for a sample of families of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents. Outcome was assessed five years later. Absence of a pathologic affective style was associated with a benign outcome, but neither parental variable alone allowed precise identification of the schizophrenia-spectrum cases. However, an index using a combination of both variables was statistically predictive of subsequent psychiatric status at follow-up. Thus, adolescents whose parents had both a pathologic affective style of communication and a high level of communication deviance had schizophrenia-like disorders develop in young adulthood. Adolescents of parents who had both lower levels of communication deviance and a benign affective style had offspring with healthier outcomes.
Adolescent↗
Parental patterns of affective style and the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Measures of parental affective style of communication, based on direct family discussions, were obtained for a sample of 52 families of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents. When the variations of both parents on the measure for two different measurement contexts were combined, an accurate prediction of subsequent psychiatric status at follow-up occurred. Adolescents with at least one parent who consistently displayed a pathological affective style of communication in both a dyadic and triadic discussion developed schizophrenia-spectrum disorders as young adults. Conversely, adolescents with at least one parent who was consistently benign in affective style had healthier outcomes. Finally, more serious young adult psychopathology was noted where both parents were inconsistent in their affective style from dyadic to triadic interaction. Methodological implications for family interaction research are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Family interaction and communication deviance in disturbed and normal families: a review of research.
Recent family interaction studies are reviewed with an emphasis on looking for dimensions along which disturbed and normal families differ. Several areas of consistency in the literature were found, including: family coalition patterns, patterns of conflict, flexibility versus rigidity, family effectiveness and efficiency, and deviant styles of communication. It was concluded that several measures reliably discriminate disturbed from normal families and that one type of measure in particular is a reliable predictor of thought disorder in offspring. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Affective Symptoms↗
Family interaction and communication deviance in disturbed and normal families. Questions of strategy: rejoinder to Jacob and Grounds.
Perhaps the best way to respond to Jacob and Grounds' critique is to focus on the more important issues they raise and to clarify some of the apparent confusion. It seems there are several general classes of criticism that Jacob and Grounds have offered: arbitrariness in selection of studies, inconsistency in reporting findings, inaccuracies in the data reported, and an overly favorable conclusion with respect to the communication deviance literature. Each of these issues will be dealt with here, using as many specific illustrations and examples as space permits.
Affective Symptoms↗