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Biomedical subjects

J A Embil

Publications and source records attributed to J A Embil.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Coxsackie A10 virus infection among infectious hepatitis contacts.

During an outbreak of infectious hepatitis at a housing development, Coxsackie A10 virus was recovered from the stools of 45 different contacts and from the blood of four others. Caution should be exercised in attributing an etiological role to any given isolate of a Group A Coxsackie virus in view of the widespread distribution of these organisms. Nevertheless, the recovery of Coxsackie A10 viruses from the blood and stools of contacts with hepatitis cases appears to warrant record.

Canada↗
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Simultaneous isolation of herpesvirus hominis type 2 and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of a woman.

Herpesvirus hominis and cytomegalovirus are closely related deoxyribonucleic acid viruses which have been isolated from the genital tract. This report describes the simultaneous isolation of Herpesvirus hominis type 2 and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of a woman preceded by the isolation of cytomegalovirus from the semen and a probable herpetic penile infection in her sexual partner.

Adolescent↗
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Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A antigen in patients attending a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

Samples of serum from 970 people in Nova Scotia, Canada, were tested by radioimmunoassay for determination of the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). Volunteer blood donors aged 16--26 years or 51 years old or older provided 575 samples. Other samples were obtained from 152 students accepted for nursing training at the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and from 243 patients of the Special Urology (sexually transmitted diseases) clinic of the hospital. Percentages of samples positive for anti-HA were determined according to classification of the donors by age, rural vs. urban location, sex, and attendance at the clinic. Samples were positive for 43.4% of the male patients and 45.8% of the female patients at the clinic, 13.8% of the student nurses, 12.6% of the young blood donors, and 69.1% of the older blood donors. A higher prevalence of anti-HA in donors was associated with increased age, urban environment, and attendance at a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
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Concurrent oral and genital infection with an identical strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Restriction endonuclease analysis.

The virus isolated from concurrent genital and oropharyngeal lesions of a male patient was identified as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by rate neutralization and biological marker tests. Analysis by digestion with restriction endonuclease revealed that isolates from the penis and anterior pillars had identical patterns, similar to those of prototype HSV-1. Data indicate that a person can be infected with the same strain of HSV-1 in two different sites at the same time.

Adult↗
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Sequential cervical specimens and the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis: factors affecting detection.

For 260 consecutive patient visits by women to a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, four cervical specimens were cultured in duplicate for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sixty-one positive results were detected by at least one of the four specimens; the first two specimens detected 67-69% and the last two 80-82% of the 61 positives. The difference in these isolation rates is statistically significant (P = 0.003). Duplicate cultures of the same specimen did not significantly increase detection rates. A combination of two specimens could increase the number detected by 44.7% beyond the results of a single-specimen culture. Contamination rates were higher for the first two specimens. Routine cleaning of the cervical canal with a swab before the taking of specimens should reduce contamination and increase the probability of obtaining infected cells when they are present.

Cell Line↗
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Nonspecific vaginitis and other genital infections in three clinic populations.

Nonspecific vaginitis was present in 37% of 40 patients attending the Special Urology (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Clinic at the Victoria General Hospital, in 23% of 75 patients attending the Family Planning Clinic, and in 23% of 13 patients attending the Prenatal Clinic at the Grace Maternity Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The mean prevalence was 27%. Subjective complaints of vaginal odor were significantly associated with nonspecific vaginitis (P less than .001), but symptoms of vaginal discharge or vulvar irritation and itching were not. No correlations were found between the presence of nonspecific vaginitis and the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, or vaginal yeast species. The organic acid present in vaginal washings that best correlated with the presence of nonspecific vaginitis was succinic acid.

Acetates↗
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Association of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections of the cervix in four clinic populations.

The rates of isolation of cervical cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were compared for populations of four different clinics attended by a total of 1,755 women. The prevalence of CMV infection could be predicted by the prevalence of HSV infection, with CMV being 2.5 times as prevalent as HSV in each population. The overall infection rates for CMV and HSV were 4.1% and 1.7%, respectively. The 252 women attending the Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic had significantly higher rates of CMV and HSV infection (12.5% and 5.6%, respectively) than populations attending the other clinics. A strong relationship between marital status and CMV infection was observed. The estimated relative risk for single compared to married women was 2.9. These data verify the importance of the sexual route of transmission in the epidemiology of cervical infection with CMV.

Adolescent↗
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Prevalence of lower genital tract infections in pregnancy.

A descriptive profile of 106 pregnant women with various forms of cervicitis and vaginitis is provided. Fifty women attending individual physicians' private offices are compared with 56 clinic patients: 34 attending a university prenatal teaching clinic and 22 attending a pregnancy termination unit. Univariate analysis showed that single women were significantly more likely to be infected by mycoplasmas, yeasts, trichomonads, and Gardnerella vaginalis than were married women. Teenagers were more frequently infected by Mycoplasma hominis, yeasts, and Trichomonas vaginalis than were women older than 20 years. After stepwise logistic regression analysis, the most significant predictor of infection with M. hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, or yeasts was being a clinic patient; for G. vaginalis, the most significant variable was being unmarried. These data suggest that teenaged and single women who are pregnant will benefit most from routine screening for vaginitis/cervicitis-producing microorganisms.

Adolescent↗
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Levels of cytomegalovirus seropositivity in homosexual and heterosexual men.

The prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) among 57 homosexual men (77.2%) was significantly higher than that among 155 heterosexual men (32.3%) attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. The difference in prevalences was most pronounced in those under 30 years of age. No difference in CMV seroprevalence was observed between the heterosexual patients and a control group of blood donors. The geometric mean titer of seropositive homosexuals (1:79) was significantly higher than that of heterosexuals (1:28) in both younger and older age groups. These data suggest that homosexual men are exposed to CMV at a much earlier age than heterosexuals and that homosexuals experience frequent reactivation or reinfection with CMV.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in the patient population of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Association with syphilis and gonorrhea.

An unlinked seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody was conducted using stored sera from all patients who attended the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Halifax, Nova Scotia between 1980 and 1986. None of the sera collected from 584 patients during 1980 were HIV positive. Of the 2867 patients who visited the clinic between 1981 and 1986, 27 (0.9%; 95% CI 0.6% to 1.2%) had the antibody. None of the 784 female patients were HIV seropositive. Of the 1,884 heterosexual men in the study, 5 (0.3%; 95% CI 0.1% to 0.5%) were HIV seropositive, and 22 (11.1%; 95% CI 6.7% to 15.5%) of the 199 homosexual men were HIV seropositive. There was a strong association between a history of syphilis and HIV antibody among heterosexual men (OR = 76.8; 95% CI 12.0 to 491.3; P = 0.001). Among homosexual men younger than 30 years of age, HIV infection was associated with a history of syphilis (OR = 18.2; 95% CI 5.1 to 64.7; P = 0.035) and a history of gonorrhea (OR = 8.2; 95% CI 4.2 to 16.0; P = 0.001). The association between a history of gonorrhea and HIV infection was strongest among homosexual men who had three or more sexual partners in the last month. These findings supplement existing evidence that STDs increase the likelihood of HIV transmission.

Adult↗
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Mycoplasma hominis: a placental pathogen?

Current information on the role played by Mycoplasma hominis in placental inflammation was reviewed. M. hominis is associated with chorioamnionitis and funisitis, but the clinical significance of this association in not clear. Further research on the role of the organism in perinatal disease is needed. Meanwhile, in a gravely ill infant with a history of prolonged rupture of the placental membranes, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis, M. hominis should probably be considered a potential pathogen, cultures for this organism should be performed, and therapy with an antibiotic regimen effective against M. hominis should be instituted.

Amnion↗