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Biomedical subjects

J A Fogle

Publications and source records attributed to J A Fogle.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Retinal vascular occlusion without retrobulbar or optic nerve sheath hemorrhage after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine.

We report a case of retinal vascular occlusion in a patient with severe diabetic retinopathy after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine. Several features of the occlusion are of interest: 1) rapid onset and relatively rapid reversal temporally associated with intervention; 2) numerous areas of focal vascular constriction; 3) absence of retrobulbar hemorrhage or dilated optic nerve sheath on CT scan; and 4) recurrence of nonperfusion after a second injection into the inferior peribulbar space. This suggests that patients with severe vascular disease may suffer retinal vascular occlusion after retrobulbar injections in the absence of identifiable retrobulbar or intraoptic nerve sheath hemorrhage. Though the mechanism is uncertain, this unusual complication deserves consideration, since its early recognition could possibly be of benefit in the management of some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histopathology of a case of epikeratophakia (aphakic epikeratoplasty).

An epikeratoplasty button was removed by penetrating keratoplasty 31 months following an aphakic epikeratoplasty. The epithelium over the donor cap was thickened with numerous surface abnormalities. Bends and fractures in the donor Bowman's membrane were found throughout the length of the specimen. A significantly decreased number of keratocytes were found in the anterior half of the donor lenticule; the posterior half of the lenticule was acellular. The interfibrillar collagen distance of the donor lenticule was significantly increased compared with that of the recipient host cornea. The central thickness of the lenticule increased the total corneal thickness by 56%. Abnormal keratocytes were found in the underlying recipient corneal stroma. Based on this study, the histopathologic features of epikeratoplasty appear to be similar to those documented in the other lamellar refractive surgical procedures of keratophakia and keratomileusis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

New techniques of viscosurgery with phacoemulsification.

Sodium hyaluronate is a valuable aid for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens insertion. Procedures such as anterior capsulotomy, polishing the capsule, lens adjustment, incision closure, and conversion to planned extracapsular cataract extraction are facilitated when sodium hyaluronate is used. A new method of removing it from the eye is presented.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1982

Corneal epithelial regeneration and adhesion following acid burns in the rhesus monkey.

For study of corneal adhesion after chemical injury, sulfuric acid was used to burn the central and peripheral corneal epithelium in rhesus monkeys. The adhesion properties of the regenerating epithelium were sequentially followed by clinical assessment and by serial corneal biopsy specimens examined by transmission electron microscopy. The peripheral burns healed uneventfully, but the central corneal burns resulted in persistently loose adhesion for more than 8 weeks. The pathogenesis of the defective epithelial adhesion appeared to initially the persistence of the original basement membrane that could not be utilized by regenerating epithelium. Later, poor adhesion was related to the slow rate of basement membrane regeneration and also to fragmentation of the Bowman's layer substrate and to mild stromal edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparative studies of corneal surface injury in the monkey and rabbit.

This animal study of corneal surface injury using acid, alkali n-heptanol, iodine, keratectomy, or scraping, despite morphologic differences from the human, simulated the human response to these forms of trauma. The rabbit and monkey thus remain useful models for the study of the effects of chemical and physical injury on the corneal surface. Although abnormalities in the basement membrane complex seem to play an important role in corneal epithelial adhesion problems, the presence of a poor substratum on which adhesion complexes must in turn rely for their stromal attachment is also an important factor.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1981

Uveal effusion syndrome.

Cilio-choroidal effusion is a non-specific reaction seen in numerous clinical conditions. It is important to recognize this condition and distinguish it from a solid tumour. Some eyes with this condition have been mistaken for ring melanoma and have been enucleated. In some instances cilio-choroidal effusion is caused by specific conditions and in others it is associated with systemic diseases such as the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada and the uveal effusion syndromes. In many cases the cause is not apparent and there are no associated or systemic features. This paper reviews the clinical and histopathological features of cilio-choroidal effusion in general, and the uveal effusion syndrome in particular.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Diurnal rhythm of mitosis in rabbit corneal epithelium.

Incorporation of 3H-thymidine by rabbit corneal epithelium during the course of a one-hour incubation in vitro varies according to the time of day, suggesting a diurnal rhythm of mitotic activity. Adrenergic decentralization of the cornea does not affect this rhythm. Furthermore, there is no diurnal variation in the basal or sympathomimetically-stimulated cyclic AMP production by freshly excised rabbit corneas, incubated in vitro. Therefore, the diurnal rhythm of corneal epithelial mitotsis in the rabbit is not paced by catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Tissue adhesive arrests stromal melting in the human cornea.

The direct early application of cyanoacrylate adhesive to a prepared ulcer bed and adjacent basement membrane, followed by placement of a bandage lens, gave good results in ten patients with corneal ulceration. The patients had ulceration with keratitis sicca, herpes keratitis, and other surface diseases. Progressive melting was arrested in all cases, and concurrent adjunctive therapies were used as indicated. The technique is quick and simple.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Cholera toxin stimulates adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate synthesis and epithelial wound closure in the rabbit cornea.

Rabbit corneas were treated in vitro and in vivo with cholera toxin (CTX), a specific and irreversible activator of adenylate cyclase. Tissue pieces incubated in vitro in the presence of 10 mug/ml CTX for 15 min continuously synthesized adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) at an increased rate for 3 hr in the absence of CTX in the medium. Corneas exposed for 10 min to CTX topically in vivo and after various time intervals incubated in vitro had an increased ability to synthesize cyclic AMP for at least 30 hr after topical treatment. Epithelial wounds, 6 mm in diameter, were made by brief exposure of corneas in vivo to filter disks soaked in heptanol. Wounds in corneas pretreated with CTX closed at a faster rate and earlier than wounds in corneas pretreated with inactivated CTX. We postulate that cyclic AMP mediates the initial events governing the rate of closure of an epithelial defect.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1978

Retinitis pigmentosa and exudative vasculopathy.

A patient with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa and exudative vasculopathy was initially seen with a blind and painful left eye, which was enucleated. Results of clinical study of the right eye and histopathologic and ultrastructural study of the enucleated left eye showed the abnormal vessels to be derived from the choroidal circulation. Previous clinical reports of retinitis pigmentosa with exudative vasculopathy have described retinal vascular abnormalities similar to those found in Coats' disease. From the comparison of our case with those previously reported, we conclude that different types of exudative vasculopathy may develop in the setting of retinitis pigmentosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Damage to epithelial basement membrane by thermokeratoplasty.

To determine the effects of thermokeratoplasty (TKP) on the basement membrane complexes of the corneal epithelium, transmission electron microscopy was performed on the corneal buttons of five patients with failed TKP and on two normal corneas and five corneas with keratoconus that were immediately treated by TKP (acute TKP). The consistent findings of thermal dissolution of basement membrane after acute TKP and persistent defects of basement membrane complexes many months after therapeutic thermokeratoplasty were significant. Given the potentially damaging effects of thermokeratoplasty on the epithelial basement membrane, faulty epithelial adhesion should be anticipated after thermokeratoplasty and should be treated aggressively, possibly with careful prophylactic use of bandage hydrophilic contact lenses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Regeneration of corneal epithelial basement membrane following thermal cauterization.

Thermal cauterization of the corneas of nine rhesus monkeys was performed by multiple thermokeratophore applications at temperatures of 90 degrees or 120 degrees C. Significant clinical observations included the resteepening of corneal curvature, delayed epithelial healing, stromal haze or scarring, and peripheral neovascularization. Reestablishment of tight adhesion of the regenerated epithelium to Bowman's layer required approximately 6 weeks. By transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the original basement membrane seemed relatively intact immediately following cauterization but disappeared within 1 week. The regeneration of new basement membrane complexes began at 1 week with the appearance of short discontinuous segments of basement material with hemidesmosomes and similarly required approximately 6 weeks for complete restoration.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Defective epithelial adhesion in anterior corneal dystrophies.

Experimental and pathologic studies implicated the role of the epithelial basement membrane and its associated hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils in mediating tight adhesion between corneal epithelium and stroma. We evaluated the ultrastructural quality of basement membrane complexes in patients with Reis-Bücklers dystrophy, Cogan's microcystic dystrophy, and nontraumatic recurrent erosion who presented with clinically significant erosive symptoms. Despite the variable clinical and histopathologic appearances among these dystrophies, incompleteness of basement membrane complexes apparently was a common fault shared by these erosive disorders. Such basic incompetence at the basement membrane level can both provoke and sustain erosions, while the more individual pathologic manifestations of a given anterior dystrophy may be of less primary significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral Peters' anomaly: a histopathologic case report.

The clinical and pathologic findings of a case of congenital bilateral, peripheral corneal leukoma associated with iris coloboma and anterior subluxation of the lens are reported. The changes in the region of keratolenticular apposition include partial absence of Bowman's membrane, stromal vascularization and thinning with large-diameter collagen fibrils, and absence of Descemet's membrane and endothelium. The authors postulate that dysembryogenesis of the tertiary vitreous, with iris coloboma, resulted in apposition of the lens to cornea during the second and third month of gestation and that this apposition resulted in the observed peripheral corneal abnormalities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗