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Biomedical subjects

J A García Rodríguez

Publications and source records attributed to J A García Rodríguez.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Spain.

One hundred and forty-seven Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains isolated in three provinces in the midwest of Spain were studied. Of these, 93.6% were drug resistant. There were two predominant resistance phenotypes: 43 isolates (29.3%) were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole and 27 isolates (18.4%) to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for molecular typing. Thirty-six DNA band profiles were differentiated by RAPD, and 38 by PFGE. We found a high level of clonality; 27% of strains were identical by both methods. There were additional smaller clonal lines within every area. The highest discriminatory power was obtained with PFGE, but the greatest degree of genetic diversity was observed among Salmonella Typhimurium using both RAPD and PFGE.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalence of anti-Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in patients with intrinsic asthma].

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen which has been involved in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. We studied the association between IgG antibodies against C. pneumoniae and intrinsic asthma in adults. C. pneumoniae IgG serum titers were determined by enzymatic immunoassay in 55 adult patients and 87 healthy controls. A significant association was found between anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies and intrinsic asthma, as compared to the control group (23.6% vs. 10.3%, p <0.05). C. pneumoniae may therefore be involved in the origin or in exacerbations of intrinsic asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

In vitro activity of newer antibiotics against Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium amycolatum and Corynebacterium urealyticum.

The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, telithromycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin was tested against human derived pathogenic corynebacteria. The MICs of these antibiotics were measured using the agar dilution method against 31 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium, 58 Corynebacterium amycolatum (including 33 multidrug-resistant strains) and 64 Corynebacterium urealyticum clinical strains. A high resistance rate to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was found in the three species. Telithromycin was much more active than erythromycin (MIC(90) of erythromycin >or=128 mg/l for all three species; MIC(90) of telithromycin: 4 mg/l for C. jeikeium, 64 mg/l for C. amycolatum and 1 mg/l for C. urealyticum). There were no teicoplanin-resistant (MIC(90) 1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l, respectively) or linezolid-resistant strains (MIC(90) 1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively). Quinupristin-dalfopristin was active against most strains with an activity similar to linezolid, but three C. jeikeium and one C. amycolatum showed MICs >or=4 mg/l. Telithromycin showed much better activity against corynebacteria than older macrolides. Synercid and linezolid were active against most isolates tested, including multidrug resistant strains.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2002

[In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against respiratory pathogens in Latin America].

We compared the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and six other antibiotics frequently used in respiratory tract infections, against 1563 Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates from 21 centers in 10 Latin American countries from March 2000 to April 2001. Moxifloxacin was the most active compound against all the species included. Moxifloxacin was 2- to 4-fold more active than levofloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria. This difference was much higher against levofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates (MIC: 0.5 mg/l vs 8 mg/l). The activity of moxifloxacin against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was similar to levofloxacin; all the isolates were inhibited at < or = 1 mg/l concentrations of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of urinary infections in the community and their susceptibility to cefixime].

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the microorganisms causing uncomplicated acute urinary tract infections in the community and their susceptibility to cefixime and another six antimicrobials in frequent use in Spain. In 1998, we conducted an open, prospective study of 1,000 consecutive patients in five large provincial capitals who had positive urine culture, met the inclusion criteria, and were referred to the microbiology laboratory for urinalysis on an outpatient basis. The procedures for sample collection, transportation, laboratory techniques and the evaluation criteria were the same in all cases. The prevalence of the microorganisms found was similar to that published in the last few years by authors of various studies in Spain. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria (82.67% of the Gram-negative bacteria). The decrease in susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobials most empirically used was confirmed in these infections at the general practitioner's. Therefore, it is suggested that cefixime, an oral cephalosporin with the greatest activity against these microorganisms, is useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[A national multicenter study of the in-vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam. The Spanish Piperacillin-Tazobactam Group].

The action of piperacillin-tazobactam on 4,137 of the 4,364 strains collected in a Spanish multicenter study involving 46 participating hospitals was studied. The samples were from the following: 41% urine, 18% exuded from wound abscesses, 13% respiratory, 9% blood, 3% peritoneal liquid, and the remainder from other various sources. The gram-negative bacteria included 2,778 strains from 13 genera: Escherichia (1,289), Pseudomonas (451), Proteus (230), Klebsiella (203), Haemophilus (172), Enterobacter (145), Acinetobacter (88), Salmonella (60), Bacteroides (57), Morganella (53), Serratia (46), Citrobacter (46), Stenotrophonomas (23) and Moraxella (21). The gram-positive bacteria were S. aureus (316), E. faecalis (239), S. epidermis (130), S. pneumoniae (115) and Clostridium spp. (12). The global susceptibility of the gram-negatives to piperacillin-tazobactam was 94%: E. coli 98%, P. aeruginosa 92%, and P. mirabilis, Morganella, K. pneumoniae, Serratia and Salmonella spp. all greater than 94%. The susceptibility of other bacteria was as follows: 91% Citrobacter, 77% E. cloacae, 42% A. baumannii, 61% S. maltophilia, 97% E. faecalis, 93% S. epidermidis, 100% M. catarrhalis, 99% H. influenzae and 100% anaerobic bacteria. The action on S. pneumoniae and S. aureus varied according to the susceptibility or lack there of to penicillin or methicillin. In comparison to other antibiotics (piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem and ciprofloxacin), piperacillin-tazobactam was far better than piperacillin alone and better or similar to the others.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Care and prevention of drug dependence in primary care].

Evaluate the assistencial drug-dependence program. DESIGN. Transversal retrospective study. Primary care (Unitat de Prevenció i Seguiment de Drogodependéncies). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS. Sixty patients treated from 23.02.90 to 31.06.91. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS. It was made 165 interviews. Sixty patients were treated: 2 (3.3%) with methadone substitution and 58 (96.6%) started the "drug free program". In this program, 7 (12%) patients accomplished hospital desintoxication and 51 (88%) home desintoxication. At the end of the period control, 48 patients were in "drug free program". At the beginning of treatment 32 (53.3%) patients were 22-27 years old. The most usual illegal drugs at consultation were: cannabis 57 (95%), cocaine 53 (88.3%), heroine 51 (85%) and benzodiazepines 50 (83.3%). Twenty-five patients (41.6%) needed derivation to another health services. From 51 patients addicted to intravenous heroin, only ten (19.6%) were positive to HIV antibodies. CONCLUSIONS. The increase of patients number who started and remained the "drug free program" and the low percent of patients who stopped treatment show that the assistant program in primary care is working. This program has been appropriate to know the characteristics of this group in our area: low age at initiation, progressive use of more than one drug and low prevalence of HIV positivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Update on and evaluation of an IgG ELISA technique for the diagnosis of human hydatidosis].

The methodology to carry out a diagnostic test for hydatid disease is reported. Full hydatid fluid was used as antigen and specific IgG was detected. 61 sera from patients in whom hydatid disease was subsequently confirmed at surgery, 28 sera of patients with other diseases and 16 sera from blood donors were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity were established on the basis of statistical criteria. In the group of patients with hydatid disease, sensitivity was 98.4%, with only one nonreactive serum. Specificity was 60.6% and was higher with increasing age of the patients or depending on the cyst localization (it was higher in hepatic than in pulmonary cysts).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Imipenem in the treatment of severe bacterial infections in seriously ill patients.

A multicentre, non-comparative study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin given iv to 53 seriously ill patients with severe bacterial infections, including 16 episodes of UTI, 12 pleuropulmonary, eight intra-abdominal, seven osteoarticular, and two soft tissue infections, three episodes of catheter related sepsis, two primary bacteraemias, one case of endocarditis, one of endophthalmitis, and one of disseminated gonococcal infection. Twenty-five patients were bacteraemic. The overall rate of clinical response was 94% of treated episodes; three cases failed to respond. Adverse reactions were mild and comparable with those reported with other beta-lactams. No patient had clinical superinfection; colonization occurred in seven patients. Imipenem is effective and safe as a single drug therapy for a wide range of infections in seriously ill patients.

Adolescent↗