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Biomedical subjects

J A García-Rodríguez

Publications and source records attributed to J A García-Rodríguez.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Patterns of susceptibility to antibiotics of Enterobacteriaceae causing intra-abdominal infection in Spain: SMART 2003 study outcomes].

SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) is an ongoing global antimicrobial surveillance program focused on clinical isolates from intra-abdominal infections. The objective of this subanalysis was to assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Entero-bacteriaceae recovered at 13 participating Spanish sites during 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution techniques according to the CLSI (formerly NCCLS) guidelines for MIC testing. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was confirmed in isolates with a MIC of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or cefepime>or=2 mg/l by comparing cefepime MICs with and with-out clavulanate. A total of 981 Enterobacteriaceae recovered from 840 patients were tested, of which 398 (41%) were community-acquired. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (571 isolates; 58%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (153; 16% Enterobacter spp. (97; 10%), and Proteus spp. (63; 6%). A total of 191 isolates (19%) from 176 patients produced inducible beta-lactamases. The carbapenems and amikacin were the most consistently active agents against the Enterobacteriaceae (susceptibility>or=99%). Resistance rates for ceftazidime, cipro-floxacin, and levofloxacin exceeded 10%. ESBLs were detected phenotypically in 61 (6%) isolates, being the most common E. coli (61%), Klebsiella spp. (20%), and Enterobacter spp. (8%). Antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from intra-abdominal infections is a problem in Spain. A significant proportion of inducible beta-lactamase and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae causing intra-abdominal infection were acquired in the community. The carbapenems ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem and the aminoglycoside amikacin were highly active in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae isolated from intra-abdominal sites, including ESBL-producing organisms.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

[Second consensus report on the use of antimicrobial agents in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Aware of the importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a panel of experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ) and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFyC) issued a statement of consensus in 2000 to serve as the basis for adequate antibiotic control of the disease. Three years later, in accordance with significant scientific progress made in this area, the statement has been thoroughly revised. The new paper in fact constitutes a second consensus statement on the use of antibiotics in COPD exacerbations. When several scientific associations expressed interest in joining the project and contributing to it the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), the Spanish Society of General Medicine (SEMG) and the Spanish Society of Rural and General Medicine (SEMERGEN) their incorporation led SEPAR and SEMFyC to change the structure of the statement and certain aspects of its content. Additionally, a new group of antibiotics, the ketolides, has joined the therapeutic arsenal. Telithromycin, the single representative of the group for the moment, can be considered not only an alternative treatment but even the drug of choice in certain clinical settings that are analyzed in the new statement. Those developments, along with others, such as the increasingly recognized action of levofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the steady action of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid when administered at recommended doses every 8 hours, provide new antimicrobial therapeutic protocols for COPD. Finally, the statement includes a scientific analysis of other groups of antimicrobial agents (macrolides, oral cephalosporins, etc.) and guidelines for both primary care physicians and specialists to follow when prescribing them.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Fusidic Acid].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis (1997-2001)].

A study was conducted from 1997 to 2001 on the trends of the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in a Spanish multicenter study involving 26 hospitals. During the five years of the study the susceptibility by 81,779 strains of P. aeruginosa, 306,689 strains of E. coli and 2866 strains of B. fragilis to at least one antibiotic were studied. When the three microorganisms were considered together, meropenem (3.49%), piperacillin-tazobactam (5.54%) and imipenem (5.27%) were the antibiotics to which they showed the lowest resistance rate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

In vitro activity of linezolid, synercid and telithromycin against genetically defined high level fluoroquinolone-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The in vitro activity of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, erythromycin, telithromycin, linezolid, synercid and vancomycin was measured against 36 genetically defined, gyrA/grlA double mutant MRSA clinical strains with an MIC to ciprofloxacin > or = 8 mg/l. The three newer fluoroquinolones tested were more active than ciprofloxacin. Resistance rates for levofloxacin and gatifloxacin were high (44.5 and 36.1%, respectively). All the strains were moxifloxacin-susceptible, though most of them had MICs close to the break point. All the strains were intermediate or resistant to erythromycin and most were also resistant to telithromycin. No strains were resistant to linezolid, synercid or vancomycin (MIC(90): 2, 1 and 2 mg/l, respectively).

Acetamides↗
PubMed2002

Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens.

Studies have shown that colonization of the nasopharynx by potential respiratory pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis is established early in childhood, although rates vary greatly according to locality, sampling frequency, individual and social factors. Factors influencing colonization and elimination are not as yet fully understood, but adhesion to mucosal receptors and immune responses are implicated in addition to bacterial properties and colonization resistance dynamics. Colonization in children and adults has been intensively studied in various localities. Potential pathogens are more likely to colonize the nasopharynx of children prone to recurrent otitis media, where impaired local immunity and repeated exposure to respiratory pathogens are additional risk factors. Adults with chronic respiratory tract disease also have higher carriage rates. The factors contributing to increased risk of carriage of potential respiratory pathogens, as well as to clinical infection and antimicrobial resistance, are summarized in this review.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Second multicenter study of the in vitro susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam].

A study was conducted in 1999 on the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam on 1349 strains collected in a Spanish multicenter study involving 10 hospitals. A total of 897 Gram-negative bacteria of the following genuses were collected: Escherichia coli (169), Klebsiella spp. (112), Pseudomonas spp. (122), Enterobacter spp. (92), Serratia spp. (44), Citrobacter spp. (37), Proteus spp. (114), Morganella spp. (49), Acinetobacter spp. (47), Stenotrophomonas spp. (47), Haemophilus spp. (45), Moraxella spp. (19). The Gram-positive bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus (116), Streptococcus pneumoniae (92), and Enterococcus spp. (114). Piperacillin-tazobactam activity against different anaerobic bacteria was also determined: Bacteroides spp. (88), Clostridium spp. (25), Prevotella spp. (5), Fusobacterium spp. (3) and Peptosteptococcus spp. (9). The piperacillin-tazobactam combination was found to maintain its activity against the isolated microorganisms with regard to the previous study.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗