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Biomedical subjects

J A Gehweiler

Publications and source records attributed to J A Gehweiler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Low back pain: the controversy of radiologic evaluation.

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of including oblique radiographs as part of a lumbar vertebral column examination. Five hundred patients in the second through ninth decades of life were evaluated. Of those, 12% had an abnormality detected on the 45 degree oblique view that was not apparent on the frontal or lateral radiographs. Those abnormalities included degenerative changes of apophyseal joints (6%), spondylolysis (4%), osteoid osteoma, anomalous apophyseal joint, and abnormal pars interarticularis (2%). These results are compared with those of other investigators and the reasons for variance are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Malformations of the atlas vertebra simulating the Jefferson fracture.

Congenital clefts and aplasias of the atlas vertebra, while rare, are often first encountered in the emergency room setting. Thirty-six patients with atlas malformations and 10 with Jefferson fractures were encountered. Sixteen of the patients with congenital malformations showed bilateral atlantoaxial lateral offset, a finding generally considered to be the result of fracture. The diagnosis of these abnormalities is readily made from plain films by noting their characteristic features. Anomalies produce lateral offset of 1-2 mm. Jefferson fractures produce a greater offset (over 3 mm).

Atlanto-Occipital Joint↗
PubMed1983

Lateral view of facial fractures: new observations.

Traditional plain film evaluation of facial fractures includes a lateral view of the face. This projection is often not exploited to its full potential because the many overlapping shadows are perceived to detract from its usefulness. To assess the value of this view, the authors reviewed the later al facial films of 50 patients with a variety of fractures including 25 orbital blow-out fractures, 27 zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, and 17 maxillary (including Le Fort) fractures. Three observations were encountered: orbital floor displacement in 60% of orbital fractures; malar strut displacement in 41% of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures; and maxillary wall displacement in 76% of maxillary fractures. The presence of any of these structural displacements, either alone or in combination, provides further direct evidence of skeletal disruption and should serve to augment the findings observed on frontal views.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Synovial plicae of the knee.

This report describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical, and radiographic findings, and treatment of the synovial plicae of the knee joint. The suprapatellar plica is a synovial fold present in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee joint in approximately 20% of the population. This fold may become symptomatic after injury and cause symptoms similar to other common internal derangements of the knee. Double contrast arthrography of the knee can be used to identify the presence of plicae. Although arthrography can identify the presence of a plica, its clinical significance requires close correlation with symptoms and an accurate clinical examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of fibrous dysplasia.

Skeletal fibrous dysplasia produces changes that are usually readily recognized on plain radiographs. Occasionally, routine radiography may not demonstrate the characteristic appearance of the disease. The density of abnormal bone in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia may preclude adequate assessment of areas where soft-tissue impingement may occur. Computed tomography (CT) is useful in demonstrating the amorphous "ground-glass" texture of the lesion and in defining the extent of craniofacial disease including impingement upon orbital structures. CT was useful in five patients with fibrous dysplasia in whom the nature or extent of involvement was not entirely clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Relevant signs of stable and unstable thoracolumbar vertebral column trauma.

One-hundred and seventeen patients with acute thoracolumbar vertebral column fracture or fracture-dislocations were analyzed and classified into stable (36%) and unstable (64%). Eight helpful roentgen signs were observed that may serve to direct attention to serious underlying. Often occult, fractures and dislocations. The changes fall into four principal groups: abnormal soft tissues, abnormal vertebral alignment, abnormal joints, and widened vertebral canal. All stable and unstable lesions showed abnormal soft tissues, while 70% demonstrated kyphosis and/or scoliosis, and an abnormal adjacent intervertebral disk space. All unstable lesions showed one or more of the following signs: displaced vertebra, widened interspinous space, abnormal apophyseal joint(s), and widened vertebral canal.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1981

Pseudovacuum of the cervical intervertebral disc: a normal variant.

A lucency in the intervertebral disc space at the superior margin is a normal variant related to Mach band phenomenon. This may easily be confused with a true vacuum sign in intervertebral disc injury. Patients with the pseudovacuum have no associated radiographic findings to suggest injury about the suspected disc space. A review of a group of normal lateral cervical vertebral films showed the phenomenon to occur in 65% of adults and 50% in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Roentgenographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma.

A practical approach to the roentgenographic assessment of a patient suspected of having a cervical spine injury is described. Once positioned, the patient is not moved until substantial bony injury has been excluded. The major roentgenographic signs with differential diagnosis are briefly discussed using some illustrative roentgenograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cervical spine trauma: the common combined conditions.

The two most common groups of combined traumatic conditions of the cervical spine are hyperextension and hyperflexion fracture-dislocations. In a series of 400 patients with fractures and/or dislocations of the cervical spine, 25% had hyperextension and 19% hyperflexion fracture-dislocations. A computer analysis of the cases revealed that there are five distinct types of hyperextension and four types of hyperflexion fracture-dislocations. Each of the types is considered as to incidence, causes, mechanism of injury, and roentgen and differential diagnosis.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic anterior atlanto-occipital dislocation.

The five cases of atlanto-occipital dislocation reported in the world literature are reviewed, and four additional cases are presented, including two survivors. The pathological anatomy of this potentially catastrophic injury and its management are briefly discussed. Because immediate recognition of the atlanto-occipital dislocation is critical to proper treatment and because the neurological findings are extremely varied, a new radiographic criterion for its identification has been developed.

Adult↗