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J A HAYASHI

Publications and source records attributed to J A HAYASHI.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1965

STUDIES OF STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALLS. VII. CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF GROUP B CELL WALLS.

Wittner, Masako K. (Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, Ill.), and James A. Hayashi. Studies of streptococcal cell walls. VII. Carbohydrate composition of group B cell walls. J. Bacteriol. 89:398-402. 1965.-Group B streptococcal cell walls contain 63% protein, 10% rhamnose, 18% hexose (mainly galactose, but also some glucose), 7% hexosamine (mainly glucosamine, but also galactosamine), and 3% muramic acid. The group and type antigens were extracted from isolated cell walls by acid treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, and fractionated either with ethanol or on a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column. Serological and chemical analyses of the fractions obtained in the two fractionation methods show that the group antigen is a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide and that the type antigen is rich in galactose and contains hexosamines.

Antigens↗
PubMed1963

GLYCOLIC ACID OXIDATION BY ESCHERICHIA COLI ADAPTED TO GLYCOLATE.

Furuya, Akira (University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago) and James A. Hayashi. Glycolic acid oxidation by Escherichia coli adapted to glycolate. J. Bacteriol. 85:1124-1131. 1963.-A procedure is described for extraction and partial purification of glycolic acid oxidase from Escherichia coli adapted to grow on glycolate as the sole carbon source. Enzyme activity was assayed by oxygen uptake and by reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol. Glyoxylic acid was the product of glycolate oxidation by the enzyme. Enzyme activity, which diminishes rapidly on storage, shows a maximum at pH 6 to 7. We were unable to show any cofactor requirement. Compounds which inhibited glycolate oxidation and their order of inhibitory activity were: p-hydroxymercuribenzoate > sodium azide > iodoacetate and o-phenanthroline > ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Tests of enzyme specificity showed that the following compounds were oxidized, but at different rates: glycolate, d-lactate, l-lactate, dl-alpha-hydroxybutyrate, dl-malate, and dl-glycerate. Citrate, tartrate, and dl-beta-hydroxybutyrate were not oxidized. Potassium cyanide stimulated oxygen uptake when glycolate and lactate were oxidized. Whether the oxidations were due to different oxidases or to a single oxidase with a wide range of specificities was tested by observing the oxidation of glycolate, d-lactate, and l-lactate under various conditions. Ammonium sulfate fractionation of a crude extract did not change the relative ability to oxidize the three acids. However, the three oxidative capacities diminished at different rates during storage at 0 C for 6 days. The partially purified glycolic oxidase preparations were probably mixtures of several different oxidases.

Azides↗
PubMed1962

Glycolate metabolism in Escherichia coli.

Hansen, Robert W. (University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago) and James A. Hayashi. Glycolate metabolism in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 83:679-687. 1962.-This study of glycolate-adapted Escherichia coli indicates that the most probable route for utilization of the substrate includes glyceric acid, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A glyceric acid dehydrogenase, which reduces tartronic semialdehyde to glycerate in the presence of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide, and a kinase, which catalyzes the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from glyceric acid and adenosine triphosphate, were shown to be present. Carbon recoveries in growing cultures and manometric data obtained with resting cells showed the complete oxidation of glycolate to carbon dioxide. Measurements of the oxidation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicated that these compounds are oxidized without lag and at a rate commensurate with the rate of glycolate oxidation. Assays of the enzymes characteristic of known pathways of terminal oxidation, such as isocitratase, malate synthetase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and condensing enzyme, provided further evidence for an operating tricarboxylic acid cycle. A postulated pathway for the utilization of glycolic acid is as follows: glycolate --> glycerate --> 3-phosphoglycerate --> pyruvate --> tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Acetates↗
PubMed1962

Enzymatic properties of a phage-induced lysin affecting group A streptococci.

Doughty, C. C. (University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago) and James A. Hayashi. Enzymatic properties of a phage-induced lysin affecting group A streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 83:1058-1068. 1962.-Phage-induced lysis of group C streptococci releases into the medium a lysin which completely lyses group A streptococci. Partial purification of the lytic activity yields 47% of the original activity with a 17-fold purification. The activity was assayed by observing lysis of group A streptococci under standard conditions. The optimal pH range for lysis is from 6.0 to 6.7. A monovalent cation requirement satisfied by Na(+), K(+), or Li(+) is shown by the lysin. Lysis is stimulated by ethylenedi-aminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlortetracycline, streptomycin, and penicillin. It is inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (pHMB), and the inhibition is reversed by cysteine. Other inhibitors include ristocetin A and specific antisera against the lysin. Isolated group A streptococcal cell walls are partially lysed by massive amounts of lysin. This partial lysis is not affected by EDTA, pHMB, chlortetracycline, streptomycin, or ristocetin A. It is concluded that the enzymatic process of lysis of isolated cell walls is not identical to the more complex process resulting in lysis of intact cells.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1961

Studies of streptococcal cell walls. VI. Effects of adjuvants on the production of type-specific antibodies to cell walls and isolated M protein.

Hayashi, James A. (University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago) and Gerald Walsh. Studies of streptococcal cell walls. VI. Effects of adjuvants on the production of type-specific antibodies to cell walls and isolated M protein. J. Bacteriol. 82:736-742. 1961.-Mineral oil adjuvant was shown to assist in type-specific immunization of rabbits, when use was made of isolated cell walls or pH 2-extracted M protein from type 14 group A hemolytic streptococci. The antibodies produced were type specific, and passively protected mice that were challenged with virulent type 14 streptococci. A single injection each week for 4 weeks gave good levels of antibody. Simultaneous immunization with three different types of group A streptococci resulted in production of antibodies against all three types.

Animals↗