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Biomedical subjects

J A Indulski

Publications and source records attributed to J A Indulski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Biomarkers used for the assessment of health hazards in populations living in the vicinity of communal and industrial waste dump sites.

The measure of individual hazard from exposure to environmental toxicants are the biomarkers which are indices of abnormalities within different biological systems that may be induced by hazardous agents of various chemical or biological nature. The biomarkers make it possible to "monitor" the processes within the organism from the moment of toxic agent penetration to the development of clinical symptoms. Biomarkers offer the possibility of early detection of phenomena which tend to be arranged in the sequence of pathogenic changes, usually not detectable by the conventional methods. Depending on the type of processes which accompany the effect of a specified harmful environmental agent on the human organism it may be determined with the aid of the biomarkers, which are then classified as exposure, health effect, and individual susceptibility. By integrating such concepts as exposure, health effect, and individual susceptibility, enhanced analysis of the problem of health risk in people exposed to environmental toxic agents has become possible.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Industrialization and environmental health in Poland.

There has been enormous pollution and biodegradation of environment in Poland as the consequence of industrialization developed regardless the principles of sustainable development. In the recent years, the decrease of total emission of air pollution caused by gases and dust, the decrease of emission of unprocessed sewage and industrial waste can be seen. These facts are the consequences of economic recession which have appeared in Poland along with economic transformation. However, there is still significant escalation of environmental pollution, in so-called areas of ecological hazards. There are heavily industrialized and urbanized areas covering about 10% of the total country area but inhabited by over 30% of the total country population. The significant environmental pollution goes together with deterioration of the country's health situation what can be seen in shortening the average lifetime expectancy, increased frequency of cardiovascular diseases and cancers and higher infants death rate in comparison to other European countries. Considering the complexity of the factors affecting the population's health status, the basis of the health and environmental policy conceived in order to stop and alter the unwanted health condition tendencies and the environmental quality have been shown here.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1994

[Quality assurance of examinations performed by laboratories of the State Sanitary Inspection Service].

An accredited laboratory means that its competence in performing particular tests and examinations is officially recognised. Requirements concerning testing laboratories are specified in the European Standard EN 45001 and in the Guide ISO/ICE-25. When applying for an accreditation laboratories of the State Sanitary Inspectorate have to develop new or adjust existing systems of quality assurance in accordance with the aforesaid recommendations. The system of laboratory quality assurance should be described thoroughly in the quality manual and backed up by an appropriate documentation. An application for accreditation should be preceded by the following steps: setting up of a team of persons responsible for quality assurance policy, drawing up criteria for assessing testing methods and procedures, promoting principles of quality assurance and introducing necessary corrections, formulating an accreditation application form which should comprise: the range of expected accreditation, kind of investigations to be performed and methods to be applied. An application together with the quality manual should be submitted to the Central Bureau for Product Quality Assurance in Warsaw--the only office which grants accreditation in Poland.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1994

[Principles of assessing health and environmental risk in view of directives issued by the EEC].

The Directive 93/67/EEC on the principles for assessment of health and environmental risks associated with the traffic of newly introduced chemicals was discussed. The Directive applies to so called new chemicals which require notification in countries of the European Community. Risk assessment is essential for risk management which comprises control, prevention and reduction of harmful effects of chemicals on the human health and environment. In Poland an act on chemicals is being drafted which will, among others, include the provisions on health and environmental risk assessment. The principles presented for risk assessment and methods for identifying the hazard, assessing the magnitude of exposure as well as the characterisation of risk and development of criteria for drawing final conclusions can be, in opinion of the authors, adapted to the Polish legal regulations. It is suggested to built up a subject matter background and to publish guidelines on the magnitude of admissible risk acceptable to populations exposed, manufacturers and importers as well as to the state administration. An admissible risk should be specified for all health and environmental effects and for groups of exposed population stratified according to age and health state.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of health risk in view of changes in labor code and methods used for protecting the environment].

In view of the present and proposed amendments to the Labor Code as well as bearing in mind anticipated harmonization of regulations in this area with those of EEC, the authors emphasize the need for well developed methodology for assessing chemical safety in an occupational environment with special reference to health effects in people exposed to chemicals. Methods for assessing health risk induced by work under conditions of exposure to chemicals were divided into: methods for assessing technological/processing risk, and methods for assessing health risk related to the toxic effect of chemicals. The need for developing means of risk communication in order to secure proper risk perception among people exposed to chemicals and risk managers responsible for prevention against chemical hazards was also stressed. It is suggested to establish a centre for chemical substances in order to settle down all issues pertaining to human exposure to chemicals. The centre would be responsible, under the provisions of the Chemical Substances Act, for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the present situation and for the development of guidelines on assessment of health risk among persons exposed to chemicals.

Hazardous Substances↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment and monitoring of chemical substances "existing" over the territory of the European Union].

The author discuss legal regulations on supplementing information about physical, chemical, toxic and onco-toxic properties of the so called "existing" chemicals, adapted by the European Economic Community. The Chemical Substances Act is being now drafted in Poland. This will be related with the introduction of the category of "existing" chemicals. The performance adapted by the EEC may serve as an example how to solve this problem in our country. It is suggested that a list of chemicals produced in Poland and imported from other countries be developed. This list will serve as a basis for establishing of the national priority list of chemicals which should be taken into consideration in setting up plans for supplementing indispensable information about chemicals present in Poland. It seems that adaptation of a criterion for identifying priorities (magnitude of production and import) similar to that of the EEC is not only justified from the substantial point of view but it is also of a very practical value. Establishment of cooperation with a relevant EEC Commission is considered as the best way to obtain information about chemicals used in Poland.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1993

Current principles of hygienic standards setting (Part II).

The paper presents general principles of setting the hygienic standards for substances of threshold effect and nonthreshold agents. The authors introduced the mathematical models used for quantitative risk assessment and models for assessment of the dose-response relationship according to the physiological principles.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Occupational exposure standards. Historical outline and present state.

The paper presents the history of hygienic standards setting in various countries, as well as the current situation in this respect. Methodological approaches to hygienic standards setting in the USA and USSR have been analysed and compared. The paper shows also the contribution of international organizations to unification of both the definition and the approach to MAC setting. The authors present systems of MAC setting in such countries as USA (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA), former USSR, Germany, Scandinavian countries, Hungary and Poland. The paper comprises also classification of substances and carcinogenic agents adopted by IARC as well as the classifications in those countries which publish lists of carcinogens.

Carcinogenicity Tests↗
PubMed1993

Current principles of hygienic standards setting. Part I.

A critical analysis of the present situation with respect to hygienic standard setting is presented. The authors introduce requirements for developing scientifically based exposure limits for chemicals as well as differences between documentation of recommended exposure limits for the agents occurring in the working environment and in the communal environmental medicine.

Documentation↗
PubMed1993

Biological markers of early health effects in the assessment of the risk of cancer in people exposed to environmental carcinogens.

Biomarkers of early health effects represent the intermediate stages of the carcinogenesis process, between the initiation and conversion stage and the clinically overt neoplastic disease. The cellular processes indicated by those markers correspond, therefore, to the promotion process. Detection of those cellular processes is extremely important, as the promotion process lasts for many years and bears some signs of being reversible. The promotion process, consisting of a range of consecutive cellular changes involves, among others, activation of proto-oncogens and their transformation into oncogens, and inactivation of the suppressor genes. Therefore, the possibility of observing the trends of those changes by monitoring protein products of the oncogens and suppressor genes in the easily available material (blood, urine) is very useful. Inhibition of intercellular communication seems to play an extremely important role in the complex mechanism of transformation of a normal cell into a neoplastic one. During the carcinogenic process promotion stage, the inhibition is associated with the proteins which form the intercellular junctions and participate in cellular adhesion. That group of proteins includes carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), the tumour antigens which have been known for years. The possible relationship between increased TPA and CEA concentrations is supported not only by the data from the oncology but also by the data from the studies on populations exposed to agents known to increase the risk of neoplastic disease.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

[Organizing evaluation of chemical substances in EEC countries and in Poland prior to their admission to trade turnover].

This paper presents systems how chemical substances, those in use and new ones, are evaluated in the EEC countries and in Poland prior to their admission to trade turnover. The Polish hygienic monitoring of chemical substances in comparison with systems operating in the Western countries requires a very thorough verification. New organizational concepts of evaluation of chemical substances before their admission to trade turnover in Poland are generally outlined. It is stressed that issues related to production and entering the market with chemical substances require new legal regulations. It also is necessary to set up a national centre responsible for implementing provisions of the Chemical Substances Act which is now being drafted.

Chemical Industry↗