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Biomedical subjects

J A Lemons

Publications and source records attributed to J A Lemons.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Nasal deformities in neonates. Their occurrence in those treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure and nasal endotracheal tubes.

Seventy-two infants were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure for one day to five weeks, and nasal deformities developed in none. One hundred thirty-six infants were treated with nasotracheal tubes and eight (6%) were found to have nasal deformities. There was a strong correlation between duration of intubation and birth weight and the presence of deformities. In no infant receiving ventilation therapy for less than six days did nasal deformities develop. The incidence of nasal deformities in infants weighing less than 1,000 g was 50%, whereas in infants heavier than 1,000 g it was 2.4%. No infant had clinical symptoms suggestive of subglottic stenosis during the first year of life. The data do not support the use of routine tracheostomy in newborn infants even after prolonged intubation.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Improved survival of ventilated neonates with modern intensive care.

The records of 909 infants who required mechanical ventilation over a 42-month period were reviewed; 68.3% of the infants survived. The highest survival rate was in infants with persistent fetal circulation and hyaline membrane disease, and the lowest in infants with congenital anomalies and miscellaneous diseases. The survival rate for each year of the 3 1/2-year study increased from the previous year. There was also a dramatic increase in the survival rate in infants with a birth weight greater than 1,250 gm.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Group D streptococcal septicemia in the neonate.

The clinical course of 11 patients with neonatal group D streptococcal septicemia is reviewed. Two of the infants died and hydrocephalus developed in one. Group D Streptococcus, both enterococci and nonenterococci, should be considered pathogenic in the neonate until proved otherwise. The antibiotics of choice for treating such infections in the newborn are ampicillin sodium and either kanamycin sulfate or gentamicin sulfate.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

Increased incidence of lactobezoars in low birth weight infants.

Fifteen low birth weight infants had their conditions complicated by the formation of a lactobezoar. The mean gestational age was 30.3 weeks; mean birth weight was 1,184 g, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 11.8 days. Twelve of the infants were receiving an 80 kcal/dL-formula and one infant, a 40 kcal/dL-formula designed for the premature infant. Symptoms included abdominal distension, emesis or increased gastric residual, diarrhea, hematest-positive stools, abdominal mass, and gastric perforation.

Bezoars↗
PubMed1979

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: report of 22 cases including three siblings.

Twenty-two cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) seen over a three-year period are described. Eight cases were associated with major congenital anomalies, seven cases with minor anomalies or other disease entities, and seven idiopathic cases. The overall mortality rate was 50%, greatest in those cases complicated by major anomalies. The clinical problems commonly encountered in management of these patients are reviewed, and include prenatal detection, perinatal asphyxia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and respiratory difficulty. A review of the literature for those entities found in association with NIHF is also included. The case studies of three consecutive siblings with NIHF born to the same parents are briefly analyzed.

Colorado↗
PubMed1979

Uterine uptake of amino acids and placental glutamine--glutamate balance in the pregnant ewe.

The uterine uptake of amino acids was studied in 10 pregnant sheep with gestational ages of 114-146 days. After recovery from surgery, arterial and uterine venous samples were drawn simultaneously via indwelling catheters and analysed for amino acid and oxygen content. In seven ewes, amino acid concentrations were measured by a chromatographic technique. In four ewes, glutamate and glutamine arterio-venous differences across the uterine and umbilical circulations were measured by an enzymatic method. The uptake of neutral and basic amino acids was 66 mumol/mmol O2 and 17.3 mumol/mmol O2, respectively. Comparison of uterine and umbilical uptake shows that the bulk of the neutral and basic amino acids taken up by the pregnant uterus are transferred to the fetus. there was no significant uptake of acidic amino acids (i.e. glutamate, aspartate and taurine). glutamate was delivered from the fetus to the placenta but excretion of glutamate into the uterine circulation was negligible. Glutamine and asparagine were delivered to the fetus in amount which were two to three times larger than the placental uptake of glutamate and aspartate. Therefore placental conversion of exogenous glutamate and aspartate to glutamine and asparagine cannot account entirely for the fetal uptake of these amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

The relationship of mammary temperature to parturition in human subjects.

Four hundred and seventy thermography studies were performed on 210 women to measure mammary temperature prior to, during, and immediately following pregnancy. Mean mammary temperature of 33.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C. (S.E.M.) obtained in 14 nonpregnant patients increased to 34.2 +/- 0.1 C. (S.E.M.) by nine weeks of gestation (p less than 0.01). The difference between mammary and sternal temperature was negative in the nonpregnant state and became positive after 18 weeks of pregnancy. Mammary temperature remained significantly higher in the pregnant group than in the nonpregnant group (p less than 0.001) up to term. In six postpartum patients, a further increase from prepartum values to 35.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C. (S.E.M.) occurred. The results suggest that relatively large changes in mammary blood flow and/or metabolic rate take place in human subjects in early pregnancy and on the day following parturition.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1976

Serum levels of human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy: a maturational index of the placenta.

Between weeks 10 and 20 of gestation, there are rapid and opposing changes in blood levels of two hormones produced by the syncytiotrophoblast; hPL increases and hCG decreases. In this study, the relationship between these two changing hormone levels was examined, rather than the serum concentrations themselves, as a potential test for placental maturation. The relationship between the hCG and hPL concentrations and GA determined in a selected group of patients was described by the following equation: GA (in days)=97.3 + 24.8 ln [hPL]-14.5 LN [HCG]. The endocrine evaluation of placental maturation by comparison of [hCG] and [hPL] in early pregnancy shows promise as a simple, safe, and inexpensive clinical tool for GA assessment.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1976

Umbilical uptake of amino acids in the unstressed fetal lamb.

The whole blood concentrations of 22 amino acids were measured in a chronic, unstressed fetal lamb preparations. Samples were taken daily from the umbilical artery, umbilical vein, and maternal artery over the latter quarter of gestation. 73 sets of samples (from the umbilical artery and vein and the maternal artery) from 13 animals were analyzed for amino acid levels. Oxygen contents were determined simultaneously in 48 sets (umbilical artery and vein) to relate fetal oxygen consumption to amino acid uptake via the umbilical circulation. The results indicate that there is no umbilical uptake of the acidic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate; there is, in fact, a net flux of glutamate out of the fetus into the placenta. As both of these amino acids are major constituents of body proteins, the data indicate that they are formed within the fetus. The umbilical uptake of some neutral and basic amino acids (e.g., valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) is in considerable excess of estimated growth requirements, suggesting that some amino acids undergo extensive transamination and oxidative degradation in the fetus. Finally, the net uptake of nitrogen, carbon, and calories by the growing ovine fetus in the form of amino acids, glucose, and lactate is compared to estimated requirements as determined in previous studies.

Amino Acids↗