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Biomedical subjects

J A Lima

Publications and source records attributed to J A Lima.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The absence of risk factors for coronary disease in Yanomami Indians and the influence of acculturation on arterial pressure].

PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that hypertension and coronary heart disease are "civilization diseases", analyzing the distribution of their antecedents in an Indian population and observing the influence of acculturation on blood pressure. METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty-five Yanomami Indians of both sexes, ages above 14 years, inhabitants of eight villages in Roraima and Amazonas states were examined. Measures related to all classical coronary risk factors were carried out and urine samples were collected to measure electrolytes. RESULTS: None of the known coronary risk factors were found. The blood pressure levels were low and did not increase with increasing age. There was influence of acculturation on blood pressure and it was in part mediated by increase in body weight and sodium intake. CONCLUSION: The absence of hypertension and other coronary risk factors and the increase of blood pressure with acculturation, among an isolated population, strongly suggest that these diseases are "civilization diseases".

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

[Blood pressure in 6 Yanomami villages].

PURPOSE: To investigate in Yanomami Indians that not add salt to food, the relationship between blood pressure (BP), biological variables (age, body weight, height and pulse) and urinary electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++). PATIENT AND METHODS: We studied 125 males and 129 females from six villages on Surucuru plateau and on Catrimani and Ajarani rivers region in the state of Roraima, north Brazil. Two BP measurements were made and the mean of them were used in data analysis. RESULTS: None hypertensive was found. Systolic BP decreased with age and correlated with body weight, pulse and urinary Na+. Diastolic BP only correlated with body weight. Height, urinary K+, Ca++ and Mg++ did not correlate with BP. CONCLUSION: There was no hypertension nor increase of BP with increasing age in these isolated Yanomami.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Influence of site of regional ischemia on nonischemic thickening in anesthetized dogs.

The effect of varying the site of acute regional ischemia on nonischemic myocardial function was examined by comparing regional thickening during 2-3 min circumflex (Circ) vs. left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusions in eight open-chest dogs. Cross-sectional midwall two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained, and systolic thickening was measured at 16 equal-spaced points around the circumference. The distribution and extent of hypoperfusion was assessed by radiolabeled microspheres. The echo slice was subdivided into a hypoperfused region (Hypo), four adjacent nonischemic regions (ADJ1-4), and the remaining remote segments (Remote). The extent of hypoperfusion (%LV mass) was similar with both sets of occlusions (LAD, 29.4 +/- 2.8%; Circ, 26.0 +/- 4.4%; P = NS), as was endo- and epicardial flow in the nonischemic regions. Yet, even with like-sized Hypo regions, thickening of nonischemic myocardium was significantly greater during Circ than during LAD occlusions (P less than 0.001). These results are consistent with recently reported disparities of global functional impairment during LAD vs. Circ ischemia. The responses likely reflect differences in regional wall geometry, loading, and the three-dimensional distribution of coronary hypoperfusion between the two vascular territories.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

Determination of left ventricular mass by magnetic resonance imaging in hearts deformed by acute infarction.

Measurement of left ventricular (LV) mass by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accurate in normal hearts. Because determination of mass by MRI does not require assumptions about ventricular shape, this method may be well suited for evaluating hearts distorted by infarction. To test this hypothesis, gated MRI was performed in 15 dogs before and after acute myocardial infarction. The LV mass of each dog was calculated from five short-axis images acquired at end systole, when shape distortion is greatest, at end diastole, and also from slices at varying phases of the cycle with a multiphase mode that required only one acquisition. Correlation was excellent between actual mass and end-systolic mass before infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.98, and SEE = 5.1 g) and after infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.97, and SEE = 6.6 g). Likewise, values correlated closely at end diastole before (p less than 0.001, r = 0.96, and SEE = 6.7 g) and after infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.94, and SEE = 8.7 g). Surprisingly, measurements of mass by a multiphase mode were also very accurate before (p less than 0.001, r = 0.98, and SEE = 5.1 g) and after (p less than 0.001, r = 0.95, and SEE = 6.49 g) infarction. Therefore, at the same phase and at multiphases of the cardiac cycle, MRI permits accurate determination of LV mass in distorted hearts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Laryngeal foreign bodies in children: a persistent, life-threatening problem.

We reviewed the records of all patients admitted to Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital for foreign object aspiration from 1980 to 1987. There were 11 true glottic bodies, which accounted for 12.1% of the 91 foreign bodies detected in the airways. A mortality rate of 45% (5 patients) and transient hypoxic encephalopathy in 27% (3 patients) indicate the often tragic outcome of obstruction in the pediatric larynx. Two distinct types of foreign bodies were responsible for laryngeal obstruction in these children. The first group consisted of bulky items, mostly food, and resulted in a more severe type of obstruction, with higher mortality and morbidity. The second group of objects were thin, laminar, triangular bodies, which tended to wedge unsuspectedly in the larynx, mimicking inflammatory diseases and requiring endoscopy for their removal. Hypothetical models are used to explain the physical phenomena that occur in foreign body obstruction in the two different groups. Recommendations for intervention are made based on the conclusions.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1985

Relation of mitral valve prolapse to left ventricular size in Marfan's syndrome.

Sporadic recent reports suggest that mitral valve prolapse (MVP) disappears with progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation. To test this hypothesis, we sought to determine if an inverse relation exists between MVP and LV cavity size on M-mode echocardiograms in 83 patients with Marfan's syndrome. LV end-diastolic dimensions and presence or absence of MVP were determined. Forty-six patients had MVP. Of patients with an LV end-diastolic dimension less than or equal to 5 cm, 90% had MVP; only 19% of the 32 patients with abnormally large (greater than 5.8 cm) end-diastolic dimension had MVP. The prevalence of MVP in patients with an LV end-diastolic dimension of 5.1 to 5.8 cm was 69%. Thus, the prevalence of MVP was inversely related to LV cavity size. To determine whether appearance or disappearance of MVP was associated with decrease or increase in LV cavity size, serial echocardiograms from 67 patients (mean follow-up 42 months, range 3 to 99) were examined. These patients were separated into 3 groups based on changes in the LV end-diastolic dimension of greater than 1 cm over time. Group 1 consisted of 9 patients, all of whom had MVP and normal LV cavity size on their initial study. With subsequent increase in LV end-diastolic dimension (mean 1.42 +/- 0.3), MVP disappeared in 6 of the 9. Conversely, group 2 consisted of 4 patients, all of whom had dilated left ventricles on their initial echocardiogram and no evidence of MVP. After aortic valve replacement, the LV cavity size decreased (mean 2.3 +/- 0.7) and MVP appeared on follow-up studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurovascular compression syndromes of the posterior fossa].

The authors review the various syndromes of vascular compression of the cranial nerves in the Posterior Fossa and present a series of patients in whom a microvascular decompression was carried out. The indications for surgery, the technique and the results of this type of procedure are discussed.

Adult↗