PubMed1986
In this study the immediate neonatal acid-base status, obtained via a double-clamped segment of umbilical cord, in 75 term, singleton vaginal deliveries was compared to electronic fetal heart rate recordings and Apgar scores. Of 75 neonates, 59 had 1-minute Apgar scores greater than or equal to 7 and 52 had an initial pH greater than 7.20. Six of the 16 neonates with a 1-minute Apgar score less than 7 demonstrated a low pH (less than 7.20). At 5 minutes only eight of 75 neonates had Apgar scores less than 7 with six of the eight having pH values less than 7.20. Of those neonates with Apgar scores greater than or equal to 7 and pH less than 7.20 (seven neonates at 1 minute, two at 5 minutes), none had metabolic acidosis. Eighteen fetal heart rate tracings were considered abnormal; acidosis was confirmed in eight (44%) by pH criteria, yet only three of the eight neonates had low Apgar scores. Our investigations suggest that the combination of fetal heart rate monitoring, cord blood pH, and Apgar assessment is better than any one parameter alone as an evaluation of fetal status just after delivery.