PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Madsen

Publications and source records attributed to J A Madsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Endothelial cell growth factor enhances musculocutaneous flap survival through the process of neovascularization.

The effect of an angiogenic growth factor-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF)-was tested in the rat transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap model based on a single inferior vascular pedicle. The animals were divided into three groups (N = 8 per group) after flap elevation. In group A (control), each animal received both local and local intra-arterial injections of 1 ml saline. In group B (local), each received a 2-mg ECGF local injection and 1-ml saline local intra-arterial injection. In group C (local intra-arterial), each received a 1-ml saline local injection and a 2-mg ECGF local intra-arterial injection. All animals were evaluated on postoperative day 7. There was a significant increase in the percentage of the skin paddle survival area of the TRAM flap in both ECGF-treated groups when compared with the control group (group B vs. group A, p < 0.001; group C vs. group A, p < 0.001). This correlated with a significant increase in vascularity in both ECGF-treated groups compared with the control group (group B vs. group A, p = 0.007; group C vs. group A, p = 0.021). The results between groups B and C were not significant. ECGF, when administered via either local or local intra-arterial route, enhances musculocutaneous flap survival through the process of neovascularization.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Biliary tract obstruction secondary to mycosis fungoides: a case report.

Mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that can disseminate to multiple organs. We report a patient who presented with obstructive jaundice caused by isolated involvement of the extrahepatic biliary tree by mycosis fungoides. Initially, endoscopic examinations and biopsies of the biliary tree and liver failed to reveal a cause for the obstructive symptoms. Finally, surgical resection of the gallbladder and extrahepatic ducts was performed. Examination revealed a dense, mixed lymphocytic infiltrate with atypical cells within the mucosa. Gene rearrangement studies confirmed the presence of a monoclonal T-cell population. The pattern of the gene rearrangement in the biliary tree was identical to that found in a previous skin biopsy that showed mycosis fungoides. Although liver involvement by mycosis fungoides is not uncommon, disease isolated to the extrahepatic biliary tree has not previously been reported. This case should alert clinicians and pathologists to yet another cause of obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Retrospective biochemical screening of fatty acid oxidation disorders in postmortem livers of 418 cases of sudden death in the first year of life.

OBJECTIVE: Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders are frequently reported as the cause of sudden and unexpected death, but their postmortem recognition remains difficult. We have devised a biochemical protocol in which informative findings in liver tissue are microvesicular steatosis, elevated concentrations of C8-C16 fatty acids, glucose depletion, and low carnitine concentration. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed 27 cases representing five FAO disorders and compared the results with those obtained in a retrospective blinded analysis of 418 cases of sudden infant death (313 SIDS, 45 infections, and 34 accidents and abuse). RESULTS: All cases of accidents and abuse correctly tested negative. Among the others, 25 (6%) showed at least two abnormal findings. Of these, 14 closely matched the biochemical profiles seen in specific FAO disorders. These included 2 cases with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 4 cases consistent with glutaric acidemia type 2, 4 cases with either very long-chain acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency or long-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, and 4 cases predicted to be affected with carnitine uptake defect. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the view that approximately 5% of all cases of sudden infant death are likely caused by an FAO disorder.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1997

Neoplasia in ileal pouch mucosa after total proctocolectomy for juvenile polyposis: report of a case.

PURPOSE: Patients treated with restorative proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis or ulcerative colitis occasionally develop disease in the ileal pouch similar to that originally present in the colon. We investigated the possibility of analogous involvement in the ileal pouch of juvenile polyposis patients. METHODS: Endoscopic surveillance for neoplasia throughout the gastrointestinal tract was performed, with retrieval of all polypectomy specimens for histologic classification using the criteria of Morson. RESULTS: Multiple large juvenile polyps were found in the ileal pouch of one patient less than 10 years after restorative proctocolectomy for hereditary juvenile polyposis. The pouch was much more severely affected than the proximal ileum, small intestine, or stomach. Although most polyps had a completely benign histologic appearance, three had moderate to severe dysplasia. DISCUSSION: Mucosal changes induced by bacteria or stasis of luminal contents may promote manifestation in the ileal pouch of the disease phenotype usually more evident in the colon. Patients with severe or generalized juvenile polyposis should be considered for periodic endoscopic surveillance of the ileal pouch beginning several years after restorative proctocolectomy.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Interferon alpha enhances expression of TAG-72 and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary colorectal cancer.

Interferons up-regulate the expression of human tumor-associated antigens in animal models and in vitro. The use of interferons may enhance the immunodetection and immunotherapy of tumors by monoclonal antibodies that detect tumor antigens. For this strategy to be effective, however, the interferon must have an effect at the site of the tumor. In this study, the induction by interferon alpha (IFN alpha) of two tumor surface antigens was evaluated in six patients with primary colorectal cancer. Patients were treated with IFN alpha and 48 h later underwent resection of the tumor. The interferon treatment induced expression of a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in two patients without antigen expression prior to interferon but had no effect on one TAG-72-negative tumor. IFN alpha did not induce expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the two patients whose tumors were CEA-negative prior to interferon. In all patients with heterogeneous expression of CEA and TAG-72 prior to IFN alpha treatment, preoperative interferon increased the percentage of cells positive for CEA in two patients and TAG-72 in one patient. This study supports the addition of interferon induction to immunotherapy regimens directed at the CEA and TAG-72 cell-surface antigens.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1986

Infantile spasms. Comparative trial of nitrazepam and corticotropin.

Fifty-two patients were enrolled in a four-week randomized multicenter study comparing nitrazepam and corticotropin in the treatment of infantile spasms. The drugs' efficacy was evaluated in 48 patients, all less than 2 years of age. Both treatments resulted in a statistically significant reduction in spasm frequency from that at baseline, but the difference between treatments was not significant. The number of patients who experienced side effects was similar in the two treatment groups, but the adverse effects encountered among the patients treated with corticotropin were qualitatively more severe and required the discontinuation of treatment in six patients.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1985

Pilot study of fluzinamide (N-methyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-1-azetidinecarboxamide) in refractory partial seizures.

We conducted a pilot study of fluzinamide in 15 adults with refractory partial seizures. After a baseline period, fluzinamide was added to the existing regimen of phenytoin and carbamazepine and increased to maximum tolerated dose. Common side effects included dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, headache, nausea, and rash, resulting in patient withdrawal in six cases. Seizures became less frequent in four of the nine patients who completed the 8-week trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of SKF525A, phenobarbital, fasting, and carnitine on the anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of valproate in mice.

The anticonvulsant potency of valproate (VPA), as measured by the maximal electroshock seizure model in mice, was improved by pretreatment with the microsomal inhibitor SKF525A and by fasting, but was reduced by chronic phenobarbital pretreatment. Carnitine did not significantly alter the anticonvulsant properties of VPA. These findings suggest that the efficacy of VPA can be improved by factors that alter its metabolic pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enhanced production of human gamma-interferon in nylon column-fractionated cell cultures.

The production of human gamma-interferon (HuIFN-gamma) in unfractionated and nylon wool column-fractionated leukocyte cell cultures stimulated with PMA and PHA was investigated. Production was studied with normal and reduced autologous serum protein levels in 96-hr spinner cultures. A 10- to 15-fold enhancement of production and a 50-fold increase in specific activity of crude HuIFN-gamma was demonstrated in nylon column-fractionated/reduced serum cell cultures. Kinetic analysis revealed a production rate maximum within 6 hr of induction in unprocessed cell cultures, whereas production occurred at an essentially constant rate for 48 hr in fractionated cell cultures.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Interaction between phenobarbital and thioridazine.

The effects of thioridazine (TDZ) on serum phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (PHT) were studied in mentally retarded persons. Persons taking these drug combinations were identified and matched on the basis of age, sex, body weight, and antiepileptic drug (AED) dosage with persons from the same population who were taking only the AEDs. Trough, steady state serum levels were obtained as part of regular AED monitoring schedules. Serum level of PB per unit dose was significantly less with concomitant administration of TDZ (100 to 200 mg/day) than when PB was given alone. This effect seemed to be TDZ dose-responsive. TDZ had no consistent effects on serum PHT.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1978

Life span changes in the averaged evoked responses of Down's syndrome and nonretarded persons.

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked responses were recorded from six age groups of Down's syndrome persons and age and sex-matched nonretarded individuals ranging in age from 5 to 62 years and assigned to groups on the basis of observable signs of development and aging. Results indicated that, regardless of stimulus modality, the amplitude of late wave components was dramatically larger for Down's syndrome than for the nonretarded subjects. Where obvious amplitude reduction occurred with maturation and aging among nonretarded subjects, amplitude changes were generally absent among Down's syndrome subjects. The findings for Down's syndrome persons were discussed in terms of deficits in central inhibition and abnormalities in neuronal excitability to different levels of stimulus intensity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The abdominal angiographic spectrum of tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis can present with a variety of clinical, roentgenographic and pathological manifestations. Although we are not advocating abdominal angiography in every patient with tuberous sclerosis, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult in certain cases, particularly in the young patient, and abdominal visceral angiography may lead to the correct diagnosis. In two of our patients, infants ten months of age, the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was not made until abdominal angiography had been performed. The most common changes are seen in the kidney where angiographic demonstration of hamartomas, arterial aneurysms, and multiple small cysts in the renal parenchyma are noted. Renal microcysts have not been previously described angiographically although they have been noted in pathological specimens and represent an important feature of the disorder spectrum. In addition, vascular hamartomatous lesions may be demonstrated angiographically in other abdominal organs such as the adrenal gland and liver.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Osteomalacia associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy in mentally retarded children.

A survey of 289 severely retarded inpatients at a school for retarded children in American Fork; Utah revealed 67 patients with osteomalacia as defined by hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and appropriate bone changes. Investigation of the variables which might influence bone mineralization revealed no differences in age, sex, physical activity, sunshine exposure, or dietary intake of vitamin D between the osteomalacia and nonosteomalacia groups. However, all of the patients with osteomalacia were receiving anticonvulsant medications, either phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, or both. Duration of anticonvulsant therapy was the most important contributing factor to the development of osteomalacia. Seventy-five percent of patients who had received anticonvulsants for more than ten years had osteomalacia. The single most costly medical problem at the school is the treatment of pathologic bone fractures due to demineralized bone.

Adolescent↗