Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J A Marron.
Current methods of local ocular anesthesia, including retrobulbar, peribulbar, and topical anesthesia, have distinct limitations and many possible, potentially serious complications. We present a new technique that provides rapid, thorough local ocular anesthesia and eliminates these potential complications.
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This study was performed to examine the effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the rabbit. The study was carried out in two parts: 1) effect of intravenous nicardipine (n = 45) and 2) effect of intracisternal nicardipine (n = 21). SAH was induced by injecting 5 ml of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. In the intravenous study, there were five groups: 1) SAH without treatment; 2) SAH with vehicle (saline); 3) SAH and intravenous infusion of low-dose nicardipine (0.01 mg/kg/h); 4) SAH and intravenous infusion of high-dose nicardipine (0.15 mg/kg/h); and 5) controls without SAH. The intravenous infusions were started immediately after SAH and continued for 48 hours until death. In the intracisternal study, there were three groups: 1) SAH without treatment; 2) SAH with intracisternal administration of nicardipine (0.37 mg/h); and 3) controls without SAH. Intracisternal infusions were begun 70 hours after SAH and continued for 2 hours until death. After perfusion-fixation, the basilar artery was removed and processed for morphometric analysis. In the intravenous study, vessels from animals subjected to SAH were significantly narrowed when compared with controls, although after high-dose nicardipine vessel caliber was slightly larger than in the other SAH groups. Animals given intracisternal nicardipine showed a nonsignificant reduction of caliber as compared with controls: only 12% decrease in diameter and 22% decrease in luminal area. In the rabbit SAH model, nicardipine had a very modest effect on vasospasm at the doses tested.
alpha-2A-interferon is a useful and safe drug in Kaposi's sarcoma treatment although not free of serious side-effects when used at therapeutic dosages by which strict controls must be undertaken. When treatment has been interrupted, worsening and dissemination of the disease happened. No correlation has been found between immunologic parameters and the treatment used.
A total of 24 chronic carriers of HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA were included in a controlled trial. The patients were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I (n = 6): control; group II (n = 6): 2.5 MU; group III (n = 6): 5 MU and group IV (n = 6): 10 MU rIFN-alpha/m2 body surface 3 times weekly i.m. during 6 months. At the end of the treatment, all patients under therapy, as well as 4 belonging to the control group, lost HBV-DNA polymerase. HBV-DNA became negative in 3 (50%), 1 (17%), and 2 (33%) patients from groups II, III, and IV, respectively, while all patients from the control group maintained HBV-DNA. At 15 months of follow-up, 6 patients (33%) under therapy (2 from each group) and 1 from the control group remained HBV-DNA-negative. Knodell's index decreased significantly on comparing basal and final liver biopsies among patients in group IV (16.0 +/- 1.9 vs 7.0 +/- 1.9, p less than 0.01), while no changes were observed in the other groups. Five patients (27%) developed anti-IFN antibodies during treatment. In summary, although low doses of rIFN-alpha (2.5-5 MU) had an antiviral effect on HBV replication, only patients treated with 10 MU showed a significant decrease in liver histological activities. In addition, the effectiveness of rIFN-alpha therapy may be negatively influenced by the appearance of anti-IFN antibodies.
The ability of the person with low vision to achieve successful orientation and mobility depends on residual vision, age of onset of visual impairment, posture and balance, intelligence, body image, auditory-tactile abilities, and personality. This study assesses the role of the residual vision and looks in particular at visual fields, spatial contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity. Correlation coefficients indicate that, for low vision patients, spatial contrast sensitivity and visual fields each have more influence on orientation-mobility than does visual acuity.
Between 1972 and 1979, more than 350,000 animal bite incidents were reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Each incident was investigated by county health authorities. To determine the type of treatment given to animal bite victims, a mailed questionnaire was sent to 1,201 persons selected from the 1972 report files. Eighty-nine percent of respondents received treatment for animal bite. The most frequent treatment (64.5%) was tetanus immunization alone or with cleaning and bandaging of the wound. Three of the 710 respondents (0.4%) received post-exposure antirabies treatment. The authors discuss recommendations for treatment of animal bites.
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