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Biomedical subjects

J A Mason

Publications and source records attributed to J A Mason.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Universal infant hearing screening by automated auditory brainstem response measurement.

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to identify infants with a bilateral, permanent, handicapping hearing loss and to provide them with amplification before age 6 months. METHODOLOGY: The study population consisted of 10,372 infants born during a 5-year period. Universal hearing screening by automated auditory brainstem response was done in the nursery. Infants who failed the screening test were followed up diagnostically. Infants who were not tested in the nursery were followed up as outpatients. Hearing aids were recommended for those infants who had bilateral hearing loss. RESULTS: Successful screening in the nursery was achieved for 96% of infants. The failure rate was 4%. The incidence of bilateral loss requiring amplification was 1.4/1000. The false-positive rate was 3.5% after the initial screening and .2% when a two-stage screening procedure was used. The incidence of congenital bilateral hearing loss in the well population was 1/1000, and in the neonatal intensive care unit population, 5/1000. The cost of screening was $17 per infant, and the cost to identify each true bilateral hearing loss was $17,750. Amplification was recommended for 15 infants; well infants who used hearing aids before age 6 months achieved age-appropriate speech and language development. CONCLUSIONS: Mild, moderate, and severe bilateral, persistent hearing loss can be identified in the nursery by automated auditory brainstem response measurement to provide amplification before age 6 months and thus optimize speech and language development.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1997

Isolation of nuclei for chromatin analysis in fission yeast.

The methods available for analysis of the chromatin of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are time consuming (>8 h) and/or result in some degradation of the chromatin. Here we report an optimised method for the preparation of spheroplasts and the isolation of nuclei which takes <25 min and is suitable for analysis of chromatin structure by micrococcal nuclease, restriction endonuclease or by immunoprecipitation.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1991

Effects of structured cooperative contact on changing negative attitudes toward stigmatized social groups.

The contact hypothesis predicts that cooperative interaction with members of a disliked group results in increased liking for those members and generalizes to more positive attitudes toward the group. The authors sought to provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that contact affects attitude in part by eliciting a more positive portrait of the typical group member. Undergraduates participated in a 1-hr dyadic learning session (scripted cooperative learning, jigsaw cooperative learning, or individual study) with a confederate portrayed as a former mental patient. Students initially expected the confederate to display traits similar to those of a typical former mental patient. After the sessions, initially prejudiced students in the 2 cooperative conditions described the typical mental patient more positively and adopted more positive attitudes and wider latitudes of acceptance toward the group. Connections between intergroup attitudes and impression formation are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

Methodological variables affecting phonational frequency range in adults.

This study examined the effects of selected elicitation variables on phonational frequency (Fo) range in normal adults. Twenty men and 20 women responded to five audiotaped tone conditions: (a) discrete steps, (b) slow steps, (c) fast steps, (d) slow glissando, and (e) fast glissando. These stimuli were devised to elicit each person's maximal and minimal Fo. All elicitation conditions evoked a significantly higher maximal Fo and a significantly larger Fo range (in both hertz and semitones) than did the discrete-steps condition. Fast steps produced a significantly higher minimal Fo than did fast glissando. Both slow glissando and fast glissando yielded a significantly larger Fo range in semitones than did fast steps. Finally, the women demonstrated a significantly larger Fo range (in hertz but not semitones) than did the men.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Factors influencing fundamental frequency range estimates in children.

Selected elicitation conditions were manipulated to determine their effect on fundamental frequency (Fo) range estimates in children. Forty normal children each responded to five autiotaped tone conditions: (a) discrete steps, (b) slow steps, (c) fast steps, (d) slow glissando, and (e) fast glissando. These tonal stimuli were devised to elicit each child's maximal and minimal Fo. The traditional discrete-steps condition was associated with a lower maximal Fo, higher minimal Fo, and a more restricted Fo range than all other conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain.

Results of spinal fusion for chronic low back pain in 46 patients are analyzed, and the authors set forth the clinical circumstances in which the procedure may relieve this common complaint.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1975

Vascular and adjacent soft tissue injuries associated with fractures of the pelvis.

One hundred fifty-one patients with fractures of the pelvis and associated injuries have been reviewed. Patients who have these injuries are likely to have uncontrollable, fatal hemorrhage. Of this group, nine died, 11 had exploratory laparotomies, ten had bladder injuries, and two had rectal damage. Blood gas determinations, arterial catheterization, and pulmonary wedge pressure determinations are valuable in making and early diagnosis of pathologic changes resulting from internal hemorrhage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Undiagnosed bleeding states and medical treatment.

Relatively little attention has been placed in mild hemophilia in the orthopedic literature even though there are probably an equal number of patients with mild as compared to classic manifestations. Mild hemophilia and similar related conditions frequently are undiagnosed and may represent major problems and if associated with surgery, catastrophic results. Patients with milder bleeding diatheses may not have a diagnosis made until late in life. Mild hemophilia and hemophiloid conditions are defined and typical findings are given. Other causes of intra or postoperative hemorrhagic states are mentioned. Three case reports of mild Factor VIII and Factor XI deficiency, undiagnosed prior to the author's medical treatment, are presented. Knowledge of the typical historical findings, diagnostic methods, and proper treatment of patients seeking medical treatment with mild hemophilia, hemophiloid and similar conditions explaining hemorrhage following trauma and intra and postoperatively will help to prevent undesirable results as well as severe complications.

Adult↗