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Biomedical subjects

J A McCredie

Publications and source records attributed to J A McCredie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in cancer patients: lack of prognostic value.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ("killer" (K) cell activity) of peripheral-blood lymphomononuclear (LMN) cells was determined in patients with early and advanced cancer, and the results compared with those in healthy individuals, those with benign diseases and critically ill septic patients. The effect of operation and local radiotherapy was determined on K cells. The initial values were compared in those who subsequently lived or died to test their prognostic value.K-cell activity was the same in women of all ages and was half that in men. It was lower in men over 65 years than in younger men. In patients with early cancer, K-cell activity was the same as in healthy individuals and those with benign diseases, and was of no prognostic value. It was decreased by 42% in those with advanced cancer but to the same extent as in the septic patients. Operation had no effect in those who had normal activity before operation, but caused an 84% decrease in those who had low preoperative values. The decrease was maximal at 5 days and recovery occurred by 15 days. Radiotherapy caused a 72% decrease in K-cell activity, maximal at 5 weeks after starting treatment, with recovery by 16 weeks in those who had complete tumour regression. The values remained low in those with persistent tumour or metastases. The values during treatment did not help in identifying those who subsequently lived or died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in critically ill surgical patients.

A population of lymphocytes attacks nucleated target cells in the presence of antitarget cell antibody. The cells are known as "killer" (K) cells and the reaction is known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We determined K-cell activity in 70 critically ill surgical patients in order to determine its value in predicting death or survival. Lymphocytes were obtained from the peripheral blood of the patients; murine P-815 mastocytoma cells were used as target cells and antimastocytoma cell IgG antibody was prepared in the rabbit. The initial value of K-cell activity was decreased by 58% in patients who later died; the value was normal in survivors. In septic patients, the decrease was the same in those who lived and those who died. The final value was 64% lower than the initial value in those who died. Therefore, a low initial value and further decrease signified the likelihood of death. Peripheral nutritional alimentation had no effect on K-cell activity. Central alimentation produced a sixfold increase in patients who had > 50% decrease before treatment, but had no effect in those who had normal activity initially. It was concluded that K-cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes is a sensitive indicator of the immune status of surgical patients, that it is useful in monitoring the course of the disease, and that central alimentation causes an increase in immunosuppressed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Primary biliary peritonitis.

Primary biliary peritonitis was diagnosed in a 14-year-old girl by means of gallbladder scintigraphy. The girl was treated conservatively and subsequent investigations revealed a normal hepatobiliary system. The initial scan showed free entry of the isotope into the general peritoneal cavity and its absence from the bowel. After 7 days, the scan and oral and intravenous cholangiography showed no abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of operation and radiotherapy on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

A subpopulation of human lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fe portion of IgG causes lysis of nucleated target cells in the presence of antibody. The reaction is known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the effector cells have been called killer (K) cells. We have measured K cell activity quantitatively in the peripheral blood of cancer patients using 51Cr labeled murine mastocytoma target cells and hyperimmune rabbit antimastocytoma antibody. ADCC was the same in males and females, was not affected by eating, smoking or the presence of infections, but was decreased in those over 65 years, during pregnancy, and in those with cachexia, or severe sepsis associated with nonmalignant diseases. It was normal in those with cancers being treated for cure and in those with benign diseases, but was decreased in those with advanced cancers. Operation did not produce a significant change in those who were not immunodepressed; in those who were immunodepressed before operation it caused a significant decrease maximal by the fifth day with recovery by the 15th day. Radiotherapy caused a decrease in K cell activity, maximal at 4 weeks, that persisted for 12 weeks with recovery after that time in those who did not have residual tumor. The values did not return to normal in those who had persistent tumor or distant metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Proton T1 study of coverage parameter changes in tissues from tumor-bearing mice.

measurements of water proton spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, at 20 and -15 degrees C have been performed in spleen, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues from tumor-bearing mice, as well as in tumors grown in their dorsal subcutaneous tissues. All mice used were either from the C3H/HeJ or BALB/c strain. At - 15 degrees C the T1's of tissues of a given type from tumor-bearing and healthy mice are essentially the same. It is shown that in spleen the increased T1 from tumor-bearing mice can only be explained in terms of a large change in the water coverage parameter of macromolecules. In liver, muscle, and tumors the increased water content accounts for the changes in T1, while kidney represents an intermediate case.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Predictive value for survival of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with sepsis.

To study their value in predicting prognosis, tests were performed on peripheral blood lymphomononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in 34 critically ill patients with sepsis. Intially, the number of lymphomononuclear cells was reduced by 32% compared with healthy control subjects and was 42% lower in those who died than in survivors. The values remained low in those who died. The numbers of T and B cells, determined by rosette formation using sheep and mouse erythrocytes, did not change during the period of observation. Intially, K cell activity was decreased by 48% compared with normal activity. In those younger than 65 years, K cell activity was 68% lower in patients who later died than in survivors. It returned to normal at 20 to 30 days and decreased in those who died. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence was decreased by 50% compared with healthy control subjects and tended to be lower in those who died. Chemotactic migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not impaired. It was concluded that the lymphomononuclear cell count, K cell activity and adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were decreased in patients with sepsis and that the values were useful in predicting prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Host defence mechanisms.

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Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1977

Intestinal obstruction due to a defect in the omentum.

An unusual cause of instestinal obstruction is described in a 46-year-old woman thought before operation to have Crohn's disease. The right colon and terminal ileum had passed through a defect that had developed spontaneously in the greater omentum and had remained in that position for at least 1 year. The bowel was reduced and the multiple defects in the omentum were repaired.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Effect of metronidazole on the C3H/HeJ mouse and growth of the C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma.

Metronidazole (0.6 mg/gm) was injected intraperitoneally at 12 hour intervals for 10 days into C3H/HeJ mice with established C3HBA mammary adenocarcinomas. Tumor growth, total white cell count and body weight were decreased by 3 days. Heart rate and rectal temperature were depressed most following the initial injections but were less depressed by 10 days. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not changed. Plasma assays of total protein, uric acid, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were not affected. It was not possible to separate the tumors treated with metronidazole from control tumors, based on cellular differences. Blood vessels in most of the tumors in the drug treated animals were larger and appeared engorged with blood.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Immunologic considerations of large volume radiotherapy.

There is clinical evidence that the immune response can increase or decrease cancer growth. 1) Cancer is increased in congenital immune deficiency states and in those given immuno-suppressants after renal transplantation; 2) there is a correlation between mononuclear cell infiltration and prognosis; 3) spontaneous regression occurs occasionally on an immunologic basis; 4) cancer specific antigens and antibodies can be demonstrated, and 5) immunotherapy can cause tumor regression. The cells that are responsible for the immune response are 1) families of thymic-derived lymphocytes, or T-cells, ("memory," "effector", "helper" or "suppressor" T-cells), and 2) bursal-derived lymphocytes, or B-cells, which on specific sensitization become either plasma cells that produce cytotoxic or blocking antibody or macrophages (A-cells) that process antigen, and may become "armed" with cytophilic antibody. The main effect of local radiotherapy is to destroy certain families of radiosensitive lymphocytes in the afferent, central and efferent components of the immune response. In Hodgkin's disease, extended field radiotherapy causes a prolonged decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and a decrease in function of the cells, as determined by RNA and DNA synthesis after culture with mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. There is no correlation, however, with the values after treatment and recurrence of the disease. The effect of local radiotherapy to large volumes of tissues, on the incidence of new primary cancers, is uncertain but the majority of reports show that it is no effect.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1975

Consecutive primary carcinomas of the breast.

The incidence of consecutive primary carcinoma of the breast in 1489 women was 1 percent per year and remained constant for 20 years. The age of women with bilateral carcinomas was 6 years younger than those who had single tumors. Survival after the second tumor tended to be better in women less than 50 years. Patients who developed metastases had a shorter interval between the first and second tumors than those who remained free from the disease. Prognosis was the same in those with nonsynchronous carcinomas as in those with single tumors, and the incidence of positive nodes was the same in both groups. The prognosis was poorest in those who developed synchronous tumors. Prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy did not affect the incidence of consecutive breast carcinomas and did not alter prognosis. The results stress the importance of observing carefully the remaining breast, especially in younger women.

Adult↗