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Biomedical subjects

J A McNally

Publications and source records attributed to J A McNally.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Testicular sperm extraction by Trucut needle and milking of seminiferous tubules: a technique with high yield and patient acceptability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sperm yield and patient acceptability of Trucut needle testicular biopsy followed by seminiferous tubule milking. DESIGN: Prospective case analysis. SETTING: The Regional Fertility Center, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. PATIENT(S): Forty-one males with obstructive azoospermia (normal testicular volume and FSH and LH levels). INTERVENTION(S): Trucut needle testicular biopsies under local anesthetic with milking of the seminiferous tubules. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Quantitation of sperm retrieved per biopsy core and patient follow-up by questionnaire. RESULT(S): A mean of 105,634 sperm (range, 5,000-427,800) were retrieved, and the mean biopsy weight was 9.17 mg. Twenty-six subjects found the biopsy painless and 15 were pain-free after biopsy. CONCLUSION(S): The Trucut needle can be used in combination with seminiferous tubule milking to obtain large numbers of sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1999

Clinical practice of doctorally prepared nurses.

This study describes the clinical experiences of doctorally prepared nurses whose primary professional role is providing care as advanced practice nurses. Telephone interviews were conducted with 20 participants who lived and practiced in 13 states. Practice settings for these nurses included inpatient acute care and various outpatient/community health settings. Several themes describe the nature of the participants' practice: management of patient care, interwoven partnerships, leadership, and practice values. Major themes relating to the contribution of doctoral education to practice were abilities gained and changes in image and status. The findings of this study demonstrate that doctorally prepared nurses are actively involved in nursing practice by affecting patient outcomes, promoting cost-effective care, and using clinical research.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

In vitro fertilization and pregnancy rates: the influence of sperm motility and morphology on IVF outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between sperm motility and sperm morphology parameters and IVF and pregnancy rates. DESIGN: Pre- and postpreparation analysis of semen samples from infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET. SETTING: Andrology Laboratory, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland. PATIENT(S): One hundred fifty couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment at the Regional Fertility Centre. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The ability of human sperm to achieve IVF and pregnancy was investigated in relation to motility parameters (assessed with computer-aided sperm analysis [Integrated Visual Optical System] and percent normal morphology (determined with the strict criteria). RESULT(S): Significant differences were observed in motility parameters and percent normal morphology in samples that achieved > or =50% fertilization compared with < or =50% fertilization and between samples that achieved a pregnancy compared with those that did not. Significant positive correlations were observed between percent progressive motility, the velocity of sperm movement, and morphology parameters and both IVF and pregnancy. CONCLUSION(S): Both sperm motility parameters and percent normal morphology are significant factors in predicting fertilization and pregnancy rates in IVF.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Age-related changes in non-receptor dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from phagocytes of healthy adults.

Several authors have shown that neutrophil generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) declines with advancing age. Similar changes have also been suggested in monocytes. In both cases alterations in second messenger activity have been implicated as the most likely explanation for these observations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on phagocyte ROS generation, stimulated by the direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Venous blood was drawn from normal healthy subjects, cells were separated on a double density gradient into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was employed as a cell stimulus. Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction and myeloperoxidase (MPO) products by measurement of peak luminol chemiluminescence (CL). Fifty-eight subjects, 25 males and 33 females, were studied, median age 49 years (range 26-88 years). Polymorphonuclear cell superoxide generation was significantly higher in males and there was a trend towards higher pmn MPO product generation in males. Using Spearman's ranked correlation coefficient, monocyte superoxide generation was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.473, P < 0.001). No changes in the generation of MPO products was found. There were also trends towards a negative correlation of pmn cytochrome c reduction and peak luminol CL with age in males but not females. Since PMA directly activates protein kinase C, reduced monocyte superoxide generation with increasing age appears to be related to alterations in the ROS generating system downstream of the cell receptor. Impaired monocyte superoxide generation may have implications for non-specific defence against certain infections and early tumour growth in the elderly. Factors underlying these changes in monocyte function therefore require further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Myeloperoxidase deficiency in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: oxygenation and radical activity by phagocytic cells.

Complete functional deficiency of the phagocytic cell enzyme, myeloperoxidase, is described in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Measurement of oxygenation and free radical activity by blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes shows gross reduction in myeloperoxidase-dependent chemiluminescence. Implications of these data for theories linking reactive oxygen species to inflammatory tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Single-subject research for nursing practice.

Presenting the characteristics of single-subject research, the authors advocate greater use of the method by clinical nurse specialists and explore issues implicit in the research design (external validity, rigor, statistical versus clinical significance, ethics, and service versus research orientation). Replicated single-subject designs seem well suited to link process-based nursing practice and research. Such designs may make better investigative use of daily observations and interventions that are part of nursing practice. They propose that, despite concerns raised by others, single-subject research as a viable adjunct to existing research methods be considered as a means for increasing the contribution of clinical nurse specialists in the development of clinical nursing knowledge.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myeloperoxidase-based chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes.

Luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL) responses produced by separated human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) and monocytes (mono) have been studied following stimulation with the surface-receptor agonist fMLP (a synthetic chemotactic peptide) and the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Pmn produced two- to threefold the luminol CL and superoxide anion (O2-) levels of mono; lucigenin CL was similar for both cell-types. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) abrogated luminol but not lucigenin CL in both cell types, but did not further inhibit the already grossly subnormal luminol CL responses seen with MPO-deficient cells which produced normal lucigenin CL. SHA also profoundly inhibited the luminol CL response in a cell-free MPO-H2O2 system. Mono lucigenin CL does not appear to specifically measure O2- production. These data show that luminol CL provides a useful measure of pmn and also mono MPO activity. However, analysis of the effects of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, assessed on phagocyte and cell-free CL systems (both MPO-H2O2 and superoxide generating) suggest that the luminol CL signal is not entirely dependent on MPO activity.

Acridines↗