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Biomedical subjects

J A Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J A Olsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effects of family structure on the sexual behavior of adolescents.

The effects of two family structures, single- and two-parent homes, on adolescent sexual behavior were studied. The variables of race, age, and gender were controlled. The analysis compared the age at first intercourse, frequency of intercourse in the last four weeks, and virgin/nonvirgin status of adolescents from black single-parent families, white single-parent families, black two-parent families, and white two-parent families. For males, the two-parent family was related to less sexual activity and older age at first intercourse. For females, the two-parent family was not as important as race in influencing sexual behavior. The white females from two-parent families were more likely to be virgins, but once having had sexual intercourse, tended to have a higher level of sexual activity than did black females from two-parent homes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent sexuality and public policy.

In recent decades, various attempts have been made to determine the level of sexual activity among adolescents. This information has been used in the planning and evaluation of sex-related programs. However, there is a flaw in using only the initial estimates of the behavior--that a sexually active person is defined as one who has had sexual intercourse. This narrow definition distorts the perception of adolescent sexual behavior. Sexual activity can more accurately be designated by focusing on the actual frequency with which teenagers have sex. In this research report, adolescents were considered sexually active if they had had sex within the last four weeks. Using this definition, adolescents were found to be substantially less sexually active than has been previously reported. This finding was then used to look at various policy decisions in the areas of sex education, family planning, and sexually transmitted disease prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effects of three abstinence sex education programs on student attitudes toward sexual activity.

The effects of three abstinence sex education programs on student attitudes toward sexual activity were studied. The programs were administered to 7th- and 10th-grade students in three school districts in the State of Utah. All students were administered a pre- and posttest survey to determine attitude change. The independent variables were program, grade level, gender, and pre/posttest. The dependent variable was the combined and averaged response to 12 questions taken from the survey. There was a four-way interaction between the independent variables. The Sex Respect program produced the most positive attitude change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between early development and psychosexual behaviors in adolescent females.

The relationship between early sexual maturation and the psychosexual behaviors of dating and sexual intercourse was investigated using a national sample of adolescent females aged 15 to 19. Among both black and nonblack subjects, early-maturing girls were more likely to have experienced earlier dating and coital onset than were their later-maturing peers. Blacks experienced menarche and first intercourse at earlier ages, yet dating onset at later ages. Early menarche was also associated with marriage at an early age for nonblacks, but not for blacks. These racial differences were explained in terms of diverse socialization patterns or cultural expectations. For both blacks and nonblacks, those with earlier coital experience were found to have had menarche and dating onset at earlier ages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Blood pressure measurement in childhood and adolescence. International recommendations and normal limits of blood pressure.

BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN CHILDREN SHOULD BE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Resting period prior to readings should be about 5-10 minutes. In children under 5 years of age, lying position should be used. In older children sitting position is most suitable. 2. Either flush method or ultrasound technique should be used in newborn. Auscultatory blood pressure is suitable in other children. 3. Width of cuff should be based on circumference of the arm, and not on arm-length: (width = 120% of diameter = 40% of circumference, i.e., 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 cm). Length of cuff-bladder = circumference or more. 4. Diastolic blood pressure should be read at muffling of Korotkoff sounds (phase IV). 5. Although some agreement exists between different studies, it is obvious, that definition of "normal blood pressure" in children is dependent on the methodological factors involved in the measurement of blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of meal stimulated gastric acid secretion by an octapeptide somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995.

A dose response study of the effect of an octapeptide somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, on meal stimulated gastric acid secretion was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers. Infusion of SMS 201-995 in a dose of 50 pmol/kg/h almost completely abolished the acid response to the meal. Pl-gastrin was significantly decreased during infusion of 10 pmol/kg/h of SMS 201-995 and insulin was significantly inhibited during infusion of 50 pmol/kg/h. SMS 201-995 in a dose of 50 pmol/kg/h inhibited basal and submaximal pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion by 77% and 84% respectively (p less than 0.01). On a molar basis SMS 201-995 is substantially more potent than natural somatostatin in inhibiting gastric acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Incorporation of leucine by mouse synovial cells in vivo.

Following 3H-leucine administration, mouse synovium was examined autoradiographically at various postinjection times to determine whether the pattern of 3H-leucine utilization in vivo is comparable to that previously reported in vitro. Synovial cells incorporated 3H-leucine in significantly greater amounts than other cells examined. The pattern suggested intracellular incorporation, followed by secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Branched skeletal muscle fibers not associated with dysfunction.

We report the occurrence of large clefts and branches in some amphibian vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers. Such fibers can be isolated intact from various skeletal muscles of fully mature animals and apparently are normal in other respects. Electron micrographs showed no signs of degeneration in most fibers. Electrical and mechanical studies revealed that all branches were excitable and able to contract. Branches evidently can arise in the absence of abnormal influences such as experimentally induced overload. The apparent cause may be either fusion or splitting of fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy, using custom designed implants.

Procedures are described for total breast reconstruction in patients who have undergone radical and modified radical mastectomies. The reconstruction includes restoration of the contour of the breast, including the nipple-areola complex and filling the defect from loss of the pectoral muscles. The reconstructions have been done in 37 patients with good results, and several are illustrated.

Adult↗