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Biomedical subjects

J A Omene

Publications and source records attributed to J A Omene.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Factors associated with hypertension in Nigerian civil servants.

BACKGROUND: Study of hypertension in segments of West African populations in transition toward Westernization may lead to better understanding of the high risk for hypertension among Westernized blacks. METHODS: Five hundred fifty-nine urban civil servants, ages 25-54, were recruited from six ministries of Bendel State, Nigeria. Blood pressure, physical measurements, urinary protein and glucose, fasting blood glucose, and demographic data were collected at the workplace. Subjects were classified as senior staff (professionals or administrators) or junior staff (non-administrators). RESULTS: Among 172 male senior staff, the age-adjusted rate of hypertension (diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mm Hg, or on an antihypertensive medication) was 43% and occurrence rose dramatically from 21 to 63% across age groups 25-34 to 45-54, respectively. Among 266 male junior staff, the age-adjusted rate of hypertension was 23%, and occurrence did not rise with age. Logistic regression showed that body mass index (kg/m2), age, alcohol drinking, and being senior staff were all independently related to hypertension in men. On the other hand, the age-adjusted rate of hypertension in 121 women was 20% and was significantly related only to body mass index. CONCLUSION: Male urban civil servants appeared to have a risk for hypertension similar to that of U.S. black males. Age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, and other unidentified factors related to higher socioeconomic status were strong determinants of hypertension in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tracking of blood pressure and anthropometric measures in Nigerian children.

Persistence in ranks (tracking) for blood pressure and anthropometric measures over a one year period was examined in 208 Nigerian children (age 6-17 years). Systolic blood pressure tracked better than diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.52 to 0.72) and r = 0.25 to 0.55, respectively). For systolic blood pressure, 56.5%-70.6% of the Nigerian children remained in the top tertile after one year compared with 45.5%-69.2% for diastolic blood pressure. Weight showed the strongest correlation over the one year period (r = 0.88 to 0.97), whereas skinfolds demonstrated the weakest association (r = 0.54 to 0.82). The association between anthropometric measures at baseline and blood pressure one year later revealed for both males and females that height and weight were positively and significantly correlated with blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Changes in serum lysosomal hydrolases in marasmus.

The activities of several lysosomal hydrolases including beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and hexosaminidase were compared in serum from 19 well-nourished subjects and 13 children (age 5--24 months) who were suffering from marasmus. The marasmic children exhibited growth retardation and muscle wastage but had normal serum protein values and absence of psychomotor retardation or oedema. Significant changes were observed in serum beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities. Compared to the control group, serum beta-glucuronidase (determined at pH 4.5 using the fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide) was 2.3-fold higher (p less than 0.001) in the marasmic children. In contrast, serum acid phosphatase values were approximately 50% lower (p less than 0.01) in the marasmic population. Serum hexosaminidase values in the two groups under study were not significantly different. Determination of the beta-glucuronidase to acid phosphatase ratio permitted effective discrimination (p less than 0.001) of serum from normal and protein-calorie malnourished children. The finding that the elevated value of the beta-glucuronidase : acid phosphatase ratio (0.64--1.37) decreased to within the normal range of values (0.10--0.43) after nutritional rehabilitation of several marasmic cases indicates that the determination of serum lysosomal hydrolases using fluorogenic substrates might provide a rapid and sensitive quantitative method for objectively evaluating the status of protein-calorie malnourished children and their responsiveness to nutritional therapy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal septicaemia in Benin City, Nigeria. A review of 74 cases.

Seventy four cases of neonatal septicaemia seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) over a 3-year period were analysed. The incidence was 6.1 per 1,000 live births. Fifty five percent of the infants were low birth weight. The predisposing perinatal problems were asphyxia, prolonged rupture of membrane and peripartum maternal fever. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most important aetiologic pathogens; both of which were associated with a high mortality rate. The overall mortality rate was 41.5%. On the basis of the organisms isolated and their sensitivity patterns, it is suggested that the initial treatment for neonatal septicaemia should include cloxacillin and gentamycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and radiological features of neonatal septic arthritis.

Fourteen neonates (first 28 days of life) with septic arthritis were admitted into the neonatal unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a three year period. The incidence was 6.1 per 1000 admissions. Eight were fullterm, three preterm and two low-birthweight babies. Severe constitutional symptoms consisting of fever (temp. 39 degrees C), abdominal distension and jaundice were uniformly present. The aetiologic agents included Staphylococcus aureus (6), Proteus mirabilis (2), and beta haemolytic streptococcus (1), no pathogen was isolated in five patients. There was a possible causal relationship between repeated traumatic femoral venepuncture of the hip in three infants. The early radiologic changes were deep soft tissue swelling, obliteration of fascial plances and widened joint space. Residual damage of the hip joint was noted in one neonate; four died. It is suggested that toxic-looking new-born infants, suspected of septicaemia by examined radiologically for possible arthritis.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1979

The clinical and radiological evaluation of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in Benin City, Nigeria.

Twenty four cases of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a two year period are analysed. The clinical features of this entity were characterised by abdominal distension, apnoeic attacks, refusal to feed, bloody diarrhoea and fever. Seventeen infants (71%) were preterm. The important radiologic findings on plain abdominal films were pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumoperitoneum, abdominal distension and gas in the portal venous system. Twenty two of the 24 infants were treated conservatively. There was an overall mortality of 75%. The main pathologic findings were coagulation necrosis, mucosal ulceration and pneumatosis intestinalis. The roles of asphyxia, umbilical venous catherisation and septicaemia are stressed.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heat loss in Nigerian newborn infants in the delivery room.

Fifty-three vigorous infants were randomly assigned to six different groups (A-F). The babies in groups A and F were not dried and were either exposed wet to room air or warmed under the radiant heater. The other groups of infants were quickly dried and exposed to room air (group B), wrapped with one sterile sheet (group C), wrapped with two towels (group D) or placed under the radiant heater (group E). The infants exposed to room air lost twice the amount of heat when compared with those insulated with two towels. The amount of heat loss by evaporation could not be demonstrated. The role of high relative humidity as an important determinant of the degree of heat loss by evaporation is stressed.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The risks of umbilical vessel catheterization in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Five hundred and fourteen high-risk neonates who had indwelling umbilical catheters at the neonatal intensive care unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital were studied. of these 514 neonates, 122 (23.8%) had their catheters in-situ for longer than 24 h. Of the 122, fifty-four (44%) had positive bacterial cultures from their catheter tips. Seven (5.7%) and four (3.2%) of the 122 neonates studied developed septicaemia and necrotizing enterocolitis respectively. Catheterization for periods in excess of 48 h significantly increased the risk of bacterial colonization. Malposition of umbilical catheter tips include: insertion into the right portal vein (thirty-six cases); superior mesenteric vein (three cases) and the left atrium (four cases). The complications related specifically to the malposition were: air collection in the hepatic venous system (two cases); cardiac arrest (one case); necrotising enterocolitis (one case) and a case of blanching of the abdominal wall. Because of these complications, the indications for catheterization should be restricted to carefully selected patients and strict aseptic technique be adhered to during the procedure.

Catheterization↗