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Biomedical subjects

J A Ramos Brieva

Publications and source records attributed to J A Ramos Brieva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in primary care using the PRIME-MD questionnaire].

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the frequency of psychiatric disorders detected by primary care doctors, using the PRIME-MD questionnaire, and by psychiatrists using a structured clinical interview. DESIGN: An observational, descriptive, crossover study, using a questionnaire. One of each two patients was selected until reaching the total number of patients. SETTING: The study was conducted in five primary care centres in Madrid. PATIENTS: To be included in the study, patients had to consent verbally, be able to understand the questions asked and have been previously diagnosed as psychotic or demented. 395 patients were recruited, of which 312 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: The primary care doctor administered the PRIME-MD questionnaire to each patient, and then a psychiatrist conducted the SCAN interview. RESULTS: The time spent by the doctor on the PRIME-MD questionnaire was usually 10 minutes. The doctor had previously detected psychiatric pathology in 18.5% of his/her patients; with the PRIME-MD questionnaire he/she detected it in 53.5%. The psychiatrist with the SCAN detected psychiatric pathology in 41.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of psychiatric disorders in primary care patients and primary care doctors' lack of ability in detecting these disorders was confirmed by this study. The PRIME-MD questionnaire, an instrument for rapid detection of the most commonly found psychiatric disorders within primary care, may considerably improve this situation.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of the actual experiencing of pain. Methodological basis for an evaluation].

FUNDAMENTALS: The doctors don't have reliable instruments in order to detect the painful experience in a patient with intention of deceiving. The objective of this investigation is the development of an instrument that helps the doctors on that task. METHOD: The investigation is based on that the pain is not possible to evoke. A patient that doesn't feel pain, really, will introduce the modifications characteristic of all memory when requests you that he/she describe the pain that says feel. The will of deceit will also distort their description. A discriminant analysis will detect the difference between the description of a pain that is not present and another that yes it are, and between the sincere descriptions of the deceiving one. RESULTS: The descriptions of the pain carried out by two different samples of nursing students have been studied with a list of pair of antonym adjectives (Osgood's semantic differential). A subgroup of the first sample described a pain that they suffered in the same moment of description, and the other subgroup described a suffering pain some days before. In the other sample, a subgroup made a sincere description of their pain and other subgroup described the pain with will of deceiving the interviewer. The investigation has provided two discriminant models. A discriminant model differentiates between a present and another remembered pain (sensibility: 0.75; specificity: 0.85; kappa reliability: 0.60; p < 0.000000001; probability of success p: 89%). The other discriminant model differentiates between a description of a pain with will of deceiving and another pain described sincerely (sensibility: 0.94; specificity: 0.95; kappa reliability: 0.89; p < 0.000000001; probability of success p: 97%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation seem to demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate between the descriptions of real pains and the suspicious pains of not being real, and that also one is able to discriminate between pains described with will of deceit and pains described sincerely. These discriminant models allows to classify the description of the subjects in four groups: "liars", "sincere", "magnifiers", and "psychogenic". However, it is necessary still carry out more effort of investigation so that these results could be replied in patients that suffer pain.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development, validity and reliability of a general addiction scale. A preliminary study].

INTRODUCTION: The authors develop a General Scale to measure the intensity of the addiction to substances (not alcohol, not opiates) and addictive behaviors. METHODS: The General Scale is a self-scale compound by eleven ítems that was delivered to fifty and five students of the courses 5 masculine and 6 masculine of the Medicine of the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain), and was them requested that applied said scale from different supposed addictive: tobacco; tea, coffee or cola drinks; chocolate; others sweet; alcohol; sex; use of the personal computer and/or Internet and/or videoplay; and to practice sports. Of that manner, each subject provided a total of 440 complimented scales.Finally, it was requested the subjects that indicated in a scale apart, their degree of addiction from the different exposed concepts. Those data served of external criterion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Scale is monodimensional, and shows a high construct validity (account 63% of the total variance obtained by a Factorial Analysis), a high alpha reliability (alpha: 0.94) and a good internal consistency (split-half method with the Spearman-Brown correction; R: 0.92). All items share with the general addiction concept that represents the total score of the Scale, an common variance proportion equal or over the 52%. CONCLUSION: The Scale seems be a valid and reliable instrument to compare groups of the calls new addictions of a measurable manner.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Scale for measure Control of Impulses Ramón y Cajal (ECIRyC). Development, validation and standardization].

INTRODUCTION: We are now seeing an increasing need of the measurement of impulsivity by clinicians and researchers due to the present prevalence of impulsivity control disorders. The authors develop and validate a new tool for measuring impulsivity: the Impulsive Control Scale Ramón y Cajal (ECIRyC) that has 20 items. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first version of ECIRyC was applied to a sample recruited from general population. From their responses the scale was reduced to the present version and the construct validity coefficients and the alpha reliability of Cronbach were calculated. Also, the scores of the ECIRyC were standardized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Factor Analysis of the ECIRyC shows that there are five factors explaining 53% of the total variance obtained. This factorial structure is practically unidimensional. In the same way, the reliability of ECIRyC is high; obtaining the same score (0.85) with the Cronbach alpha intraclass correlation coefficient as with the two halves procedure plus the Spearman-Brown correction. The ECIRyC has proven to have a very good convergent validity with other foreign impulsivity measurement instruments. The ECIRyC scores, obtained with general population show a normal distribution which has permitted their standardization for applicating them both to large groups of people and to single individuals. All the initial validation data of the ECIRyC seem to show that it is a useful tool for the evaluation of impulsivity.

Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Outpatient diagnosis and treatment of patients with anxiety disorder].

The factors found in the approach taken towards the disturbances caused by anxiety on the part of the doctors working outside the hospital environment are analyzed. After studying a sample of 45 patients seen consecutively in the outpatient clinica of a general hospital and evaluating their clinical, evolutive, social-demographical characteristics and the type of medical care received previously, we found an important tendency towards diagnostic error which does not seem to be related to the degree of specialization by the medical practitioner who treated the patient. A profile of a patient having a higher risk of receiving and incorrect diagnosis is elaborated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring anankastic personality traits.

INTRODUCTION: The authors validate a 20 item scale designed to measure anankastic (obsessive) personality traits: the Mini-Inventory of Anankastic Personality Traits, 2nd version (MIAPT-2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The answers of a sample of 418 subject of both genders obtained from the general population were used to analyze construct validity (factorial analysis), its alpha reliability and its internal consistency through the item/total correlations and the two halves test. An additional sample of 22 medical students was used to analyze the concurrent validity of the scale (external criterion: the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory) and the temporary reliability with the test-retest method. After this, the total scores of the instrument and the factorial scores were standardized and distributed into percentiles. RESULTS: The scale shows good concurrent validity (r = 0.67; p < 0.000) and construct validity (56 % of the total of the variance explained by the factorial analysis) as well as a good internal consistency through the item/total correlations (all p = 0.000) and two halves test (r = 0.71; p < 0.000; with the Spearman-Brown correction R= 0.83). The alpha reliability of the scale (alpha = 0.84), and the test-retest (r = 0.69; p < 0.000) are high. CONCLUSIONS: The validated MIAPT-2 shows good validity and reliability to evaluate anankastic personality traits. The authors include an appendix with the scale and the standardization of its total and factorial scores distributed into percentiles to be used in clinical and general population samples.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Validation of the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale].

The authors research the predictive validity of the Spanish version of the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale. Cutoff 18 show a sensitivity of 0.94, specificity of 0.94, with a 6% of misclassified cases. Weighted Kappa reliability equal to 0.88.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The distinctive quality of depressed mood. VIII. A review of the concept and a proposal].

The authors have analyzed psychiatrists' problems for to measure reliably the sign "distinct quality" of depressed mood. They underline a semantic problem adding to difficulties to the diagnostic process. The authors propose methods for increase the reliability in detecting "distinct quality" and they propose also a new word for to replace the term "vital sadness": anelasticoendosthenia; from Greek an (absence), sthenos (strength), endon (inside), elastikós (driving out).

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The distinctive quality of depressed mood. VI. The neuroses as mood disorders (a controlled study of the López Ibor hypothesis)].

The authors research the characteristics of sadness in neurotic, depressed patients and in subjects with depressive reactions, using the Pathological Sadness Index. They research an aspect of the López Ibor's hypotheses about the neurosis as diseases of the mood. The neurotic patients suffer from a sadness with pathological characteristics, as depressed subjects, instead of the normal sadness suffered by people with reactions.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The distinctive quality of depressed mood. V: Its prevalence in depressive disorders].

A prevalence of the 90% of "distinct quality" in depressed is detected using the Pathological Sadness Index. Its presence is non dependent of the presence or absence of life event and it is more frequent in melancholic subjects. The Pathological Sadness Index show a presence of "distinct quality" in 83% of cases without subjective experience of it.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of a probability index for suicide risk in depression].

Authors have developed a Suicidal Risk Index for depressed. This index included: sex, duration of current phase, suicidal ideas presents in last months, attempts previous and a number of contacts with a psychiatrist. The predictive validity of index is good. Sensibility: 0.73; specificity: 0.91; probability pi: 0.93; false positives rate: 9%; Kw: 0.65.

Adult↗