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Biomedical subjects

J A Reid

Publications and source records attributed to J A Reid.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Weyers' ulnar ray/oligodactyly syndrome and the association of midline malformations with ulnar ray defects.

We describe a two generation family with variable ulnar and radial ray reduction and midline craniofacial abnormalities. The features suggest a diagnosis of Weyers' ulnar ray/oligodactyly syndrome originally described in two isolated cases. Syndromes of ulnar ray reduction are briefly reviewed and the relationship between limb bud and midline development discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Effect of adrenaline on extradural anaesthesia, plasma lignocaine concentrations and the feto-placental unit during elective caesarean section.

Extradural anaesthesia was induced with either 2% lignocaine or 2% lignocaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 in 20 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. With the adrenaline-containing solution, a smaller dose of lignocaine was required to produce an adequate block and the lignocaine concentrations in both mother and neonate were significantly smaller compared with the plain solution. Arterial pressures were less in the adrenaline group, but there was no difference in umbilical flow velocity waveform, fetal heart rate or fetal outcome. Neither feto-placental circulation nor fetal outcome were affected adversely by episodes of hypotension or the ephedrine used for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Single-dose trospectomycin for chlamydial urethritis in men.

Trospectomycin is an aminocyclitol analog of spectinomycin with significant in vitro activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. A single 1-g intramuscular dose was administered to 10 men with symptomatic, culture-positive chlamydial urethritis. Trospectomycin was well tolerated but failed to eradicate chlamydial infection, as determined by cultures obtained approximately 1 week after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Development and testing of artificial low-frequency speech codes.

In a new approach to the frequency-lowering of speech, artificial codes were developed for 24 consonants (C) and 15 vowels (V) for two values of lowpass cutoff frequency F (300 and 500 Hz). Each individual phoneme was coded by a unique, nonvarying acoustic signal confined to frequencies less than or equal to F. Stimuli were created through variations in spectral content, amplitude, and duration of tonal complexes or bandpass noise. For example, plosive and fricative sounds were constructed by specifying the duration and relative amplitude of bandpass noise with various center frequencies and bandwidths, while vowels were generated through variations in the spectral shape and duration of a ten-tone harmonic complex. The ability of normal-hearing listeners to identify coded Cs and Vs in fixed-context syllables was compared to their performance on single-token sets of natural speech utterances lowpass filtered to equivalent values of F. For a set of 24 consonants in C-/a/ context, asymptotic performance on coded sounds averaged 90 percent correct for F = 500 Hz and 65 percent for F = 300 Hz, compared to 75 percent and 40 percent for lowpass filtered speech. For a set of 15 vowels in /b/-V-/t/ context, asymptotic performance on coded sounds averaged 85 percent correct for F = 500 Hz and 65 percent for F = 300 Hz, compared to 85 percent and 50 percent for lowpass filtered speech. Identification of coded signals for F = 500 Hz was also examined in CV syllables where C was selected at random from the set of 24 Cs and V was selected at random from the set of 15 Vs. Asymptotic performance of roughly 67 percent correct and 71 percent correct was obtained for C and V identification, respectively. These scores are somewhat lower than those obtained in the fixed-context experiments. Finally, results were obtained concerning the effect of token variability on the identification of lowpass filtered speech. These results indicate a systematic decrease in percent-correct score as the number of tokens representing each phoneme in the identification tests increased from one to nine.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Infection of staff during an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis in an elderly persons' home.

An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis in an elderly persons' residence is reported. Seventeen of 37 (47%) residents and 22 of 50 (44%) staff developed illness. Adenovirus was seen by direct electron microscopy in two vomitus and two faeces specimens. It is suggested that the most likely mode of transmission was environmental contamination by vomitus.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1990

9,11-epoxy-9-homoprosta-5-enoic acid analogues as thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists.

A novel bicyclic prostaglandin analogue, (1S)-[1 alpha, 2 alpha(Z),3 alpha(1E,3S*,4R*),4 alpha]-7-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-pentenyl)-7- oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (4), was found to be a potent and selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist. Alcohol 4 was the only member in a series of allylic alcohols which did not display direct contractile activity in the rat stomach strip model. Alcohol 4 was effective in the inhibition of (a) arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma (I50 = 0.65 +/- 0.1 microM); (b) 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 induced contraction of guinea pig trachea (pA2 = 8.0 +/- 0.2) or rat aorta (pA2 = 8.1 +/- 0.2); and (c) arachidonic acid induced bronchoconstriction in the anesthetized guinea pig (1 mg/kg iv). A radioiodinated analogue of 4 bound in a specific and saturable manner to human platelet membranes with a Kd = 2.3 +/- 0.9 nM. Modification of the alpha-chain, in an attempt to minimize in vivo metabolism, resulted in TxA2 receptor antagonists of reduced in vitro potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl carboxylic acids as thromboxane A2 antagonists: aza omega-chain analogues.

A novel bicyclic prostaglandin analogue, [1S-[1 alpha, 2 alpha (Z), 3 alpha, 4 alpha]]-7-[3-[[[[(1- Oxoheptyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- yl]-5-heptenoic acid [-)-7) was found to be a potent and selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist. Unlike the related series of omega-chain allylic alcohols, amide 7 and its congeners were uniformly free of direct contractile activity in vitro (bovine coronary) and in vivo (anesthetized guinea pig). Amide 7 was effective in the inhibition of (a) arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma (I50 = 0.18 +/- 0.006 microM), (b) 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 induced platelet aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma (I50 = 0.24 microM), (c) 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 induced contraction of guinea pig trachea (Kb = 3.0 +/- 0.3 nM) or rat aorta (Kb = 8.8 +/- 1.1 nM), and (d) arachidonic acid induced bronchoconstriction in the anesthetized guinea pig (0.1-1.0 mg/kg iv). Amide 7 inhibited the binding of [5,6-3H2]-[1S- (1 alpha, 2 alpha (Z), 3 alpha, 4 alpha)]-7-[3-[[2-[(Phenyl- amino)carbonyl]hydrazino]methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5- heptenoic acid to human platelet membranes in a specific and saturable manner with a Kd = 49.6 +/- 1.4 nM.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The unerupted or impacted third molar--a critical appraisal of its pathologic potential.

The prophylactic removal of asymptomatic unerupted or impacted third molars constitutes a major proportion of all oral surgical procedures. Patients are advised to have this preventive surgery on the basis that such teeth, if retained, are likely to cause certain pathologic lesions. The evidence in the scientific literature on the prevalence of dentigerous cysts, mural ameloblastoma, epidermoid carcinoma and root resorption indicates that this concern is exaggerated. The retrospective data on the reasons for extractions of third molars confirm this conclusion. Until there are prospective studies which demonstrate a significant patient benefit from surgery exceeding the risks of retention, the practice should be discontinued. Third molars should be removed only where there is a defined pathologic indication.

Dentigerous Cyst↗
PubMed1989

Vaccination viewpoints.

Liverpool is an area of lower than average immunisation uptake. A survey of health visitors, school nurses and clinical medical officers suggests that professional disagreements and lack of belief are contributory factors.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Role of infected food handler in hotel outbreak of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis: implications for control.

Investigation of an outbreak of viral (Norwalk-like) gastroenteritis amongst staff (40 cases), resident guests (over 70 cases), and persons attending functions (54 cases) at one hotel over 8 days suggested that the main vehicle of infection was cold foods prepared by a food handler during and after a mild gastrointestinal illness. He was excreting Norwalk-like virus particles 48 hours after the illness. In addition, ill kitchen staff vomited in the kitchen area and may have contaminated surfaces and stored foods. It is recommended that food handlers should be regarded as potentially infectious until at least 48 hours after clinical recovery from viral gastroenteritis. Stored foods that may have been contaminated should be immediately discarded and areas of the work place which may have been affected should be identified and decontaminated.

Food Handling↗
PubMed1988

Extradural bupivacaine or lignocaine anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: the role of maternal posture.

Extradural anaesthesia was induced in 64 patients in either the sitting or the lateral position, for elective Caesarean section with either 0.5% plain bupivacaine or 2% lignocaine with adrenaline 1 in 200,000. Onset was significantly shorter and a significantly greater number of patients were ready for surgery within 35 min following injection of lignocaine in the lateral position. Hypotension (defined as a 25% or greater reduction in arterial pressure) occurred in 36% of patients. Significantly more patients who had received the first injection of local anaesthetic agent in the sitting position required ephedrine to correct maternal hypotension. Most frequently, hypotension coincided with transfer of patients to theatre and thus was associated with movement of the patient in the presence of extensive sympathetic block.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of closed-loop control of arterial pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass.

A closed loop computer system has been developed to deliver sodium nitroprusside (by infusion) to control systolic arterial pressure (SAP) after cardiopulmonary bypass. The performance of the closed-loop control system was evaluated by comparing nurse and computer control of SAP in 60 patients during the early postoperative period. The computer system provided better control of SAP than manual control by a member of the nursing staff.

Blood Pressure Determination↗