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Biomedical subjects

J A Short

Publications and source records attributed to J A Short.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunoglobulin E and G4 antibodies in cysticercosis.

The importance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass responses in different infections has been elucidated for a number of organisms, but few parasitic organisms have been examined in this regard. In the current study, quantitative radioimmunoassays were used to examine the IgE and IgG4 subclass responses to larval Taenia solium. Patients were divided into clinically infected (CI) and probably uninfected (PU) groups. Unexposed normal subjects were used as controls. The CI group had elevated geometric mean levels of total IgE in serum (28.6 IU/ml) and specific IgG4 antibodies (438.8 arbitrary units [AU]/ml) compared with controls (8.3 IU/ml and 50.1 AU/ml, respectively). The CI group also had significantly elevated levels in cerebrospinal fluid of total IgG4 (18.6 micrograms/ml) and specific IgG4 antibodies (86.0 AU/ml) compared with the PU group (2.5 micrograms/ml and 1.6 AU/ml, respectively). There was no specific IgE antibody response detected in either the CI or PU patient group. The marked IgG4 response of CI patients to T. solium merits further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Saline infusion and amiloride in the management of lithium toxicity.

This paper describes the case of a 74 year old patient who became lithium toxic after 15 years of lithium therapy. We discuss the clinical presentation of the case and some of the possible causes of the sudden development of his toxicity. Although haemodialysis is the treatment of choice for severe lithium toxicity it is not always available. In this paper we propose that the combination of saline diuresis and Amiloride may provide a suitable alternative in the management of lithium toxicity.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

IgG4 in human colostrum and human milk: continued local production or selective transport from serum.

Colostrum, mature milk, and paired plasma samples were obtained from 10 postpartum women who had not been previously studied. The geometric mean concentration of IgG4 in colostrum (3.3 micrograms/ml) was similar to the mean concentration in mature milk (3.0 micrograms/ml). The arithmetic mean for the percent of IgG = IgG4 was 10.3 +/- 3.3% for colostrum, 10.3 +/- 3.1% for mature milk, 2.6 +/- 0.3% for early plasma, and 1.7 +/- 0.3% for later plasma. Local mammary production of immunoglobulin was determined by subtracting the estimated serum contribution from the measured concentration in colostrum or milk. Evidence for local mammary production of IgG4 was found in 5 of 10 colostrum samples and 8 of 10 mature milk samples. These observations indicate that the previously observed selective enrichment of IgG4 in colostrum is also true for mature milk. These are the first studies suggesting continued local production of any immunoglobulin other than IgA in mature human breast milk.

Colostrum↗
PubMed1987

Standardization and validation of the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES).

Objective, reliable and valid means of assessing the cognitive and psychosocial functionings of elderly persons are in demand for several reasons. Clinical needs for initial assessment, placement, and treatment monitoring are supplemented by the need for research tools for program evaluation and clinical trials. The set of behavior rating scales called the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) was developed with these needs in mind. This paper describes the development of the MOSES scale and its rationale and norming on 2,391 residents of hospitals and residential settings. Internal consistency reliabilities in the .8 range and interrater reliabilities from .58 to .97 are reported. Validity correlations with the Zung Depression, Robertson Short Mental Status, Kingston Dementia, and the Physical and Mental Impairment-of-function Evaluation (PAMIE) scales were all satisfactory. The applications and advantages of the use of MOSES are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of a combined paste formulation of praziquantel/febantel against immature Echinococcus granulosus and immature Echinococcus multilocularis.

A combined paste formulation of praziquantel (1 mg/kg of body wt)/febantel (10 mg/kg) given for 3 consecutive days gave 100% clearance of immature Echinococcus granulosus and E multilocularis in experimentally infected dogs. The formulation was extremely convenient to administer. Adverse reactions were not noted in the treated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Eimeria chihuahuaensis sp.n. and other coccidia from Dipodomys spp. in El Paso County, Texas.

Dipodomys merriami Mearns and Dipodomys ordi Woodhouse were surveyed for coccidia in El Paso County, Texas. Infections with Eimeria chobotari, Eimeria dipodomysis and Eimeria balphae were 24.8%, 4.4%, and 11%, respectively, for D. ordi. Dipodomys merriami had an infection level of 23.8% with E. chobotari. Four animals concurrently harbored E. chobotari and E. balphae or E. dipodomysis or a new species Eimeria chihuahuaensis. Male and female host infection levels were not significantly different. The new species is described and photographs of 3 previously described Eimeria from Dipodomys are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A reliable cross-circulation model: its use in studying humoral agents.

The purpose of this study was to develop an expeditious and reliable system to examine early alterations in proliferating liver tissue in vivo, uncomplicated by the haemodynamic changes associated with partial hepatectomy. We describe an improved, dependable, massive blood-exchange system, involving aortic blood transposition between two rats, which meets these criteria. The use of heparinized, silicone-rubber tubing and postoperative recirculation obviate the need for supplemental anticoagulants and minimizes haemorrhage. The procedure is rapid, and survival is > 95% for up to 48 h. We cite both the advantages of using this model generally to study humoral agents, and specific advantages associated with studies relating to a humoral hepatic mitogen. As an example in this regard, we present results obtained using this system to examine chromatin protein methylation in the intact liver of rats coupled to partially hepatectomized partners. Labelling with a mixture of 3H-methyl-L-methionine and 2-14C-DL-methionine, we demonstrate an enhancement of methylation in crude chromatin protein fractions obtained from intact liver tissue responding to humoral agents provided by blood exchanged from partially hepatectomized rats. This substituent enhancement appears to correlate with the degree of stimulation of DNA replication in this organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The location of bacterial antigens on sections of Bacillus cereus by use of the soluble peroxidase--anti-peroxidase complex and unlabelled antibody.

The location of antigens on sections of bacteria using the soluble peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex in conjunction with unlabelled antibody is described. Using this technique, spore antigens have been detected in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells during forespore septum formation and subsequent stages of sporulation. Antigenic sites were first associated with poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granules and subsequently were found in increasing quantities in the cytoplasm of the sporangium. Vegetative cell antigens were located on the cell wall and in the cortical region during sporulation. During germination antigens were located in the cortical region, and during outgrowth on the cell wall. These findings are discussed in the light of existing biochemical data.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

An electron-microscope study of naturally occurring and cultured cells of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.

Electron-microscope studies are reported in which gonococci grown in cultures are compared with those present in urethral exudates. Whereas naturally occurring cells presented a smooth appearance with parallel cell layers, cultured cells were rough and their surface layers appeared to be disorganised. Three different types of pili were observed in cultures; the most common type seemed to be a product of unfavourable growth conditions. The number of piliate cells in pus was variable but always much lower than the number of non-piliate cells found. A study of free endotoxin present in cultures was made and its fine structure is described. Further observations suggest that although the majority of gonococci are killed after phagocytosis, others survive and multiply--giving rise to clusters of gonococci within remnants of phagocytes. It is suggested that these coated clusters are infectious units.

Cell Wall↗