PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Singleton

Publications and source records attributed to J A Singleton.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prevention of neonatal macrosomia in gestational diabetes by the use of intensive dietary therapy and home glucose monitoring.

This study was undertaken to determine if intensive dietary therapy, home blood glucose monitoring, and the selective use of insulin can be effective in preventing fetal macrosomia. All patients were screened at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation using a modification of O'Sullivan's criteria. The 153 patients diagnosed as gestational diabetics by the study protocol were placed on a 1800 to 2000 Kcal American Diabetes Association diet and taught home glucose monitoring. Insulin therapy was initiated only if blood glucose control was inadequate. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between the study and reference populations in regard to mean birthweight or the incidence of macrosomia. Since our study criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes were slightly different from those of the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), data from 99 patients meeting the NDDG criteria were analyzed in a similar manner. No significant differences were found between this subgroup and the reference population. Since only 7.2% of our study patients required insulin, we conclude that the incidence of fetal macrosomia in gestational diabetes can be kept equal to that of the general population by a program of intensive dietary therapy and home glucose monitoring, with insulin being used only therapeutically, not prophylactically.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Record linkage strategies: Part II. Portable software and deterministic matching.

Software to perform record linkage should have several characteristics: (1) portability in being able to function with researchers' current arrangement of computer systems and languages, (2) flexibility in handling different linkage strategies, and (3) low cost in both computer time and researchers' efforts. A linkage package (LINKS) is described which satisfies these criteria; LINKS provides tools for both deterministic and probabilistic linkage as well as test modules for assessing data quality and structure. Because each linkage project is different, the modular nature of the software allows for better control of the programming process and development of unique strategies. Since the user provides the weights and decision rules, he may modify data between steps and/or develop extra steps to supplement the basic modules. In two information-rich linkage projects involving California AIDS data, LINKS identified mortality using deterministic approaches and permitted comparisons with other software and strategies. Flexible software and a deterministic approach would have eliminated the expensive key entry used to add full names and social security numbers as additional identifiers to one of the California data files.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

HIV antibody seroprevalence among prisoners entering the California correctional system.

A cross-sectional blind study was conducted in the spring of 1988 to estimate the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among inmates entering the California correctional system. Of the 6,834 inmates receiving entrance physical examinations during the study period, 6,179 (90.4%) had serum tested for the presence of HIV antibodies after routine blood work was completed and personal identifiers were removed. Seroprevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 3.0%) among the 5,372 men tested and 3.1% (95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 4.5%) among the 807 women tested. Seroprevalence was more than twice as high among men arrested in the San Francisco Bay Area as in those arrested elsewhere in the state. The regional differences in HIV seroprevalence observed among entering inmates mirror infection rates reported among intravenous drug users from the same regions.

California↗
PubMed1989

A computer program for analyses of vital statistics-based occupational mortality data.

Routinely collected vital statistics mortality data (death certificate data) on occupation and industry are useful for (1) generating hypotheses about potential occupational hazards and (2) identifying occupational mortality differentials possibly associated with socioeconomic and life-style factors. This paper presents a Fortran program that analyzes occupational mortality using vital statistics and census data. The user can form any desired grouping of age, race, occupation (or industry), and cause of death codes for analysis. The program also allows stratification on social class or other user-defined correlates of occupation such as smoking behavior. Furthermore, program output can be used for Poisson regression analysis of mortality rates.

California↗
PubMed1977

Single dose of two grams of metronidazole for Trichomonas vaginalis infection.

In this study, 243 women with symptomatic trichomonal vaginitis were treated with eight 250 mg. tablets of metronidazole for themselves, and eight tablets were given to each of their male consorts. They were given instructions to ingest "all eight in a row" and "avoid alcohol for 48 hours." Ninety-five per cent of 203 women that returned for re-examination were cured. This single-dose treatment is effective, well tolerated, and less expensive than current recommended dosages.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Aerobic pentane production by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes.

The effects of oxygen on production of pentane and compounds absorbing at 234 nm and 285 nm by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes I and II were examined in a model system. Aerobic conditions increased pentane production. Differences in dienone formation (A285) and diene conjugation (A234) indicate the reaction sequences of the 2 isozymes are not the same.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Lipoxygenase isozymes of peanut.

Lipoxygenase was isolated and partially purified from peanut seed by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange column chromatography. Three isozymes of lipoxygenase were identified. Two had pH optima of 6.2, and the other an optimum of 8.3. Molecular weight of each isozyme was 7.3 x 10(4), as determined by gel filtration. The alkaline optimum isozyme was not inhibited by NaCN and was inhibited by CaCl2 except at very low concentrations. The acid optimum isozymes were inhibited by NaCN and were stimulated by CaCl2 concentrations up to ca. 0.7 mM.

Arachis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Underreporting of minority AIDS deaths in San Francisco Bay area, 1985-86.

A disproportionately high number of AIDS cases in the United States involve members of racial minorities. Even so, AIDS deaths of minority members may be undercounted. The completeness of reporting of AIDS deaths to the California AIDS Registry (ARS) among Hispanics, blacks, and whites in 1985 and 1986 from the San Francisco Bay Area was investigated. Death certificates listing AIDS as a cause of death or associated condition were identified and cross-checked with cases reported to ARS, current to December 1988. Death certificates were checked by hand for racial or ethnic classification using a definition of Hispanic based on information available on certificates. Three causes of undercounting in ARS were identified: a death was not reported as an AIDS case at all, an AIDS case was reported to ARS but the person was listed as still living, or an AIDS death was reported to ARS with a different racial or ethnic classification. The proportion of cases not reported at all was similar for all three racial-ethnic groups (5-8 percent). The proportion of deaths reported for persons listed in the registry as still living was 12 percent for Hispanics and 9 percent for blacks, compared with 5 percent for whites. For Hispanics, under-counting was largely due to ethnic misclassification. Twenty percent of Hispanics had been counted as white in the AIDS registry. In comparison, 4 percent of blacks and 1 percent of whites were misclassified by race. AIDS deaths among blacks and Hispanics may be undercounted, even in an area with good AIDS surveillance systems. This suggests that overrepresentation of minorities among AIDS cases in the United States may be even greater than indicated by current reporting data.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗