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Biomedical subjects

J A Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to J A Solomon.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset numbers in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid in various forms of human pulmonary tuberculosis at presentation and during recovery.

BACKGROUND: Lymphocytes have a central role in human defences against mycobacteria. A study was designed to assess the relation between lymphocyte responses and clinical pattern of disease, nutrition and recovery during treatment in patients with tuberculosis. METHODS: Lymphocyte numbers and subsets (on the basis of CD3, CD4, and CD8 monoclonal antibodies) were measured in peripheral blood and, where appropriate, bronchoalveolar lavage or pleural fluid of patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Eleven had localised pulmonary tuberculosis, 18 miliary tuberculosis and seven a tuberculous pleural effusion. RESULTS: CD4 lymphocytes were found in greatly increased numbers in pleural fluid and were relatively depleted in the blood. Lymphocyte numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid varied widely in localised pulmonary and miliary tuberculosis but were highest in lavage fluid from patients with miliary tuberculosis. This was due to an increase in CD8 lymphocytes, which were also increased in the blood. Lymphocyte numbers bore no relation to nutrition, symptom duration, or radiographic profusion scores. In miliary tuberculosis the time taken for the chest radiograph to clear (mean (SD) 17.6 (7.8) weeks) correlated with lymphocyte numbers in lavage fluid, especially CD8 cells (r = 0.74), but not with the patients' age or nutrition. After 8 weeks' treatment, total and CD4 lymphocyte numbers in lavage fluid showed a substantial increase. CONCLUSION: The association of CD8 cells with delayed recovery is compatible with suppression of the antimycobacterial action of macrophages. The switch to predominance of CD4 cells in lavage fluid during successful treatment supports the view that they may have a role in eliminating mycobacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CP-0127, a novel potent bradykinin antagonist, increases survival in rat and rabbit models of endotoxin shock.

The bradykinin antagonist dimer CP-0127 was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the depressor response to bradykinin in the anaesthetized rat and rabbit. When given as a single dose s.c. (3.6 mumol/kg), the depressor response to bradykinin was blocked for the duration of the experiment (4 hours). In anaesthetized control rats, LPS from E. coli produced a profound and immediate hypotensive response, while in rats infused with CP-0127, the response to LPS was almost totally reversed. In addition, CP-0127 given as a single subcutaneous dose (3.6 mumol/kg) to rats 1 hour before LPS challenge produced a 93% survival rate, compared to 14% in control animals. Finally, a survival rate of 86% was achieved in rabbits infused with CP-0127 at 0.36 nmol/kg/min i.v., compared to 45.5% in saline-infused control animals given LPS (500 micrograms/kg i.v.). The results of these experiments provide evidence for a significant role for the kallikrein-kinin system in these models of endotoxic shock, and indicate the therapeutic potential of a bradykinin antagonist such as CP-0127 for treating this disorder in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Texture interactions determine perceived contrast.

For a patch of random visual texture embedded in a surrounding background of similar texture, we demonstrate that the perceived contrast of the texture patch depends substantially on the contrast of the background. When the texture patch is surrounded by high-contrast texture, the bright points of the texture patch appear dimmer, and simultaneously, its dark points appear less dark than when it is surrounded by a uniform background. The induced reduction of apparent contrast is greatly diminished when (i) the texture patch and background are filtered into nonoverlapping spatial frequency bands or (ii) the texture patch and background are presented to different eyes. Our results are unanticipated by all current theories of lightness perception and point to a perceptual mechanism for contrast gain control occurring at an early cortical or precortical neural locus.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMed1984

Minimal deviation melanoma.

Minimal deviation melanoma is a recent concept of uncertain biologic significance. Minimally deviant melanocytes are not seen in metastases, suggesting they do not have the same biologic behavior as clearly malignant cells. Therefore, the Breslow and Clark prognostic criteria may not be applicable. Eight patients with MDM are presented. All were treated by scar re-excision and primary closure. Lesions ranged from 0.31 to 1.65 millimeters thick and four were Clark's level IV. Median follow-up study has been 19 months without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. We concluded that MDM has a low likelihood for aggressive behavior in spite of tumor penetration which might suggest otherwise and that radical surgical therapy appears unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Explorations of antimitotic agents in the treatment of a congenital disease, ichthyosis linearis circumflexa.

Successful therapy of a genetic disorder, Ichthyosis Linearis Circumflexa, was achieved using a low dose systemic cyclophosphamide. Prior to such therapy, 80 to 90% of the body surface was affected; the use of antimitotic agents reduced the extent of the lesions to less than 15% of the body surface. As a result, the clinical status was changed from severely disabling to being compatible with a normal way of life. It is believed that this phenomenon is related to selective effects of cyclophosphamide, such as those on lymphocyte subpopulations. To our knowledge, successful chemotherapy for diseases of genetic or congenital origin has not been previously reported.

Adult↗