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Biomedical subjects

J A Tur

Publications and source records attributed to J A Tur.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal emptying in the final days of incubation of the chick embryo.

1. The gastrointestinal (GI) emptying of the chick embryo was studied in days 19 and 20 of incubation using radioactive (14C-PEG-4000) and coloured (Evans Blue dye) tracer markers. 2. Following administration by oral cannula, the percentages of tracer marker recovered in the yolk sac and the GI tract showed the existence of a GI motor pattern in both 19 d and 20 d chick embryos and suggested that the fluids drunk by the chick embryo during the final days of incubation could have reached the yolk sac from the GI tract via the vitelline diverticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An animal model to study the effects of diet on risk factors of calcium stone formation.

The effects of diet on the formation of calcium oxalate stones were studied in 150-day-old rats by measuring the diuresis, pH, and urinary and blood concentrations of promoting and inhibitory substances. An increase in phosphate (promoting) and magnesium (inhibiting), and a decrease in citrate (inhibiting) and pH were found in the urine of rats fed with a high protein diet. No differences were observed in the plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. These results confirm epidemiological and clinical studies in humans that have shown that any diet rich in protein can change the concentrations of these substances in urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Regional development of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside transport in the small intestine of chick embryos and newly-hatched chicks.

A regional study of the intestinal hexose transport shows the role played by duodenum, jejunum and ileum during the chick perinatal development. From at least two days before hatching the three regions of small intestine accumulate alpha-Méthyl-D-Glucose (alpha-MG) by mediated transport mechanisms, and phloridzin inhibit about 90% of the uptakes. This ability reaches the maximal level at 1 day after hatch in the three regions. Before hatching the jejunum shows higher transport levels than the observed values in the duodenum and ileum, but the three regions show similar values at 1 day after hatch. In the following days, the alpha-MG transport ability is strongly reduced in the duodenum, slightly reduced in the jejunum and maintained in the ileum until at least 7 day-old chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of glucocorticoids on gastrointestinal emptying in young broilers.

1. The rates of gastrointestinal (GI) emptying of 8- and 15-d-old chickens treated with 17-hydroxycorticosterone was measured using 14C-polyethylene glycol-4000. 2. The rate of progression of intraluminal contents along the GI tract was decreased by 17-hydroxycorticosterone in both 8- and 15-d-old chickens. Glucocorticoid treatment only delayed the rate of progression of intraluminal contents along the large intestine of the older birds. 3. Delayed transit of intraluminal contents could be explained by a precocious maturation of chick GI tract, induced by glucocorticoids. Loss of responsiveness to glucocorticoids occurs during the second week after hatching, except in the large intestine.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1988

Developmental study of digestive motor response to dietary pattern in young broilers.

1. Gastrointestinal (GI) morphometry and motility were measured in young broilers (3, 8 and 15 days old) when they were submitted to three dietary patterns (ad libitum food, acute 48-hr fast and cumulative semi-starvation). 2. All GI regions were hypertrophied when acute or intermittent starvation were applied; lightly when acute starvation was applied and strongly with intermittent starvation. 3. All the 3-, 8- and 15-day-old acutely and intermittently starved chickens increased GI motility at the shortest times (0.5 and 1 hr) after the marker administration, but decreased GI motility at the longest times (2 and 4 hr). 4. The GI motor response of intermittently starved chicks was faster than the observed one in acutely starved chicks. The GI tract of intermittent starved chicks increased its motor response proportionally to the broilers age, while acutely starved chicks decreased their GI motility when the broilers age was increased. 5. A relationship between morphometrical and motor GI responses to dietary pattern has been inferred. From the gizzard and small bowel hypertrophy caused by intermittent starvation, an increased reflex GI motor response can be expected. Acute starvation only caused a light increase of GI motility, because it only increased the gizzard morphometry. 6. We concluded that young chicks respond to acute starvation by means of a short-term mechanism (an increase of GI motor reflexes) and responds to intermittent starvation by means of a medium- and long-term mechanism (a hypertrophy of GI tract and its subsequent increase of GI motor reflexes).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Altered responsiveness to ambiental stimuli in altered thyroidal states.

Hypothyroidal rats produced by low iodine diet or propylthiouracyl (PTU) were less active in the open field and received fewer food reinforcements than controls in a lever press situation at both 22 degrees C and 1 degree C. The hypothyroid rats also pressed less when heat was the reinforcer. On the other hand, hyperthyroidal rats produced by thyroid powder ingestion showed reduced emotionality in the open field. Acute exposure to cold failed to increase their alimentary or heat reinforced behavior. The results suggest that hypothyroidism produces a general inattention to the environment. This is found whether the environmental stimulus is an opportunity to explore, access to food or the availability of external heat.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of thyroidal state on the gastrointestinal transit and emptying of young broilers.

1. In newly hatched broilers, propylthiouracil and thyroid powder added to the diet produced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. After 4-5 days of treatment body and thyroid weight changed, but no differences in body temperature were found. 2. The hyperthyroidal animals had high mortality rate and the hypothyroidal ones showed significantly lower glycemia values. 3. The gastrointestinal transit and emptying of 8 and 15 days old hypo-, hyper- and euthyroidal broiler chicks were measured using 14C-PEG-4000 as a marker. 4. Hypothyroidism prolonged GI transit and emptying, whereas hyperthyroidism modified these parameters in a way dependent of the elapsed time after the test meal: at 0.5 and 1 hr transit and emptying were quick, but at 2 and 4 hr the transit was slow. 5. Hyperthyroidism also delayed the transit of large bowel intraluminal contents in 15-day-old chickens. 6. These results are very similar to those of starvation, suggesting an important interaction between diencephalon, thyroid gland and GI motility in young chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal motility in young broilers.

Gastrointestinal motility of young broilers (1, 8 and 15 days old) was measured by means of 14C-polyethylene glycol-4000. Two motor patterns can be observed: GI segments anterior to ileum increased their motility proportionally to the broiler age. GI segments below ileum decreased their motility when the broiler age is increased. It is concluded that these motor patterns are due to immaturity of gastric motility, early learning of food intake regulation and/or interference between prenatal and postnatal nutrition. Proventriculus and duodenal loop showed to be transit segments, with independence of the broiler age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine on the behavior of the white rat].

Previous references showed that the histamine injected peripherically produced a deterioration of the learning in experimental animals. The effects of 100 and 200 micrograms of histamine administered in the cerebral lateral ventricle, have been tested using an experimental paradigm which isolated attentional, motivational, and motor factor from the complex learned behavior. The obtained results showed to be similar to those produced by peripheric injection, and demonstrated a worsening in attentional, motivational, and motor parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phenol red as indicator of the digestive tract motility in chickens.

Phenol red has been shown to produce no effects on intestinal motility of 24-hour-old chickens, allowing for quantitative measures of gastrointestinal transit and emptying. The results show that 1 hr after ingestion, the main digestive contents are stored in the crop with lesser amounts in the muscular part of the stomach, in the ileum, and in the rectum and caeca.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cafeteria diet on alpha-MG intestinal absorption in rats.

The effect of a cafeteria diet (a hypercaloric diet) on the accumulative ability of the mediated and non-mediated small intestine transport of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (alpha-MG) in developing female Wistar rats was studied using everted intestinal slices. Cafeteria diet increased intestinal active transport and decreased intestinal passive diffusion of alpha-MG in 30-day-old rats. No differences in alpha-MG intestinal absorption were found in cafeteria vs control rats after the development of obesity in cafeteria diet fed rats. A link between gastrointestinal functions and the development of obesity induced by cafeteria diet is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol consumption among school adolescents in Palma de Mallorca.

AIMS: To describe alcohol consumption of adolescent boys and girls in Palma de Mallorca, and its relationship with physical activity and socio-demographic factors. METHODS: Four hundred and forty five adolescents (171 boys, 274 girls; 14-18 years old) selected from the school census (participation 96%), using two-stage probability sampling were studied. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered and alcohol intake was analysed. Physical activity was computed as a ratio of energy expended in basal metabolic rate. Socio-demographic data were collected, and categorized as gender, mother's level of education, parental occupational status, and mother's region of origin. RESULTS: About 60% of adolescents, 53% of boys and 65% of girls, reported alcohol consumption, which increased with age in boys (91% when they were 18 years old), but remained constant in girls. The adolescents consumed alcohol mainly on weekends; average consumption was four drinks per drinking day, and the most consumed drinks were mild distilled spirits. The mother's educational level and adolescents' physical activity were negatively and significantly related to alcohol consumption, whereas the adolescents from occupational upper-class parents and non Majorcan/Balearic mothers were positively and significantly related to alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The increased penetration of alcohol into the adolescents' environment may result in misuse of consumption. To give more information to parents and adolescents on considering alcohol to be a drug, and to promote physical activity among adolescents may be contributing factors towards decreased alcohol consumption among the latter age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of starvation on the in vivo intestinal absorption of sugars and amino acids in young chickens (Gallus domesticus).

The effect of different patterns of starvation (acute and intermittent) on the in vivo intestinal absorption of glucose and tryptophan during the first days of Gallus domesticus chicks life was measured. Both acute and intermittent starvation increase duodenal absorption of glucose and jejunal absorption of tryptophan. Intermittent starvation tends to reduce the effect of age which normally decreases intestinal uptake of nutrients. This effect is clearer for glucose absorption than for tryptophan absorption.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary intake and nutritional risk among free-living elderly people in Palma de Mallorca.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the dietary intake of free-living, non-institutionalised, elderly people of Palma de Mallorca, and to evaluate their nutritional status and risk of undernutrition. DESIGN: Anthropometric and dietary survey (3-day food record), and risk of undernutrition (MNA-SF) were assessed in 230 (89 men and 141 women) free-living elderly people (average age 72.7 +/- 5.9 years) in Palma de Mallorca. RESULTS: Prevalence of undernutrition (1% in men and 5% in women), overweight (56% in men and 39% in women) and obesity (17% in men and 21% in women) were found. Mean daily energy intake (+/- SD) was 5.7 +/- 1.5 MJ in men and 5.3 +/- 1.3 MJ among women. The contribution of macronutrients to the total energy intake was different from the Recommended Intake for the elderly, since it was too derived from proteins, fats, SFA and sugars, but in only small amounts was derived from complex carbohydrates. Animal protein intake was two-thirds the total protein intake. Dietary fibre was low. Cholesterol/SFA ratio showed dietary risk of atherogenic potential. High percentages of elderly persons showed inadequate intake of calcium, magnesium, zinc, folic acid, vitamin D, and vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in dietary complex carbohydrate and fibre, a decrease in fats, especially SFA, and a balanced intake of animal/vegetable proteins and fats are recommended. Dietary supplementation, especially with calcium, vitamin C and E, and occasionally vitamin D, may be useful to improve nutritional and health status of free-living elderly people in Palma de Mallorca.

Aged↗