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Biomedical subjects

J A Wolff

Publications and source records attributed to J A Wolff.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as acute osteomyelitis. A report of two cases.

Two children each developed a focal destructive bone lesion accompanied by intermittent fever, swelling, tenderness and elevated ESR. Blood counts were normal; bone marrow aspiration showed acute leukemia. The bone lesions healed in both patients after anti-leukemic therapy. We suggest that the similar roentgenographic appearance of osteomyelitis, bone infarction and focal destructive lesions in leukemia probably reflects a common, basically ischemic process of bone.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Results of the National Wilms' Tumor Study: Treatment response in misclassified patients.

This report evaluates the outcome in patients treated in accord with protocol requirements of the National Wilms' Tumor Study who were assigned incorrectly to any of several clinical groups because of mistaken initial assessments of the extent of disease. A significant difference in response was found between patients correctly staged Group I and those of higher stages incorrectly placed in Group I. This observation emphasizes the need for careful staging, and for "upstaging" in doubtful Group I patients.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Malaria prophylaxis in travelers.

Each year increasing numbers of Americans travel to countries where the risk of acquiring malaria is considerable. Appropriate advice from family physicians about malaria prophylaxis is important to prevent malaria in American travelers. All travelers to malarious areas should receive chloroquine prophylaxis. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of malaria when fever develops in travelers returning from malarious areas.

Africa↗
PubMed1979

Clonal characteristics of experimentally induced "atherosclerotic" lesions in the hybrid hare.

The female hybrid hare (Lepus timidus x Lepus europaeus) is heterozygous for electrophoretically separable, X-linked isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The isoenzymes of this animal have been used as cellular markers in the study of the clonal origins of experimentally induced atherosclerotic lesions. Aortic lesions produced in the hybrid hare by feeding cholesterol and injuring the aortic wall with a catheter have been shown to have polyclonal characteristics and in this way are fundamentally different from atherosclerotic fibrous plaques in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with irradiation and chemotherapy.

Fifty-eight patients with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma were treated with irradiation alone (25) or irradiation and chemotherapy (33) with follow-ups of 6 months to 14 years (mean 5.2 yr). At present, 74% are alive and 26% have died. Local control of the tumor was accomplished in 91% of cases. When local sinuses were invaded the survival rate was 55%. Chemotherapy appears to be of greatest value when disease is limited to the orbit. Irradiation or irradiation and chemotherapy should now be the treatment of choice for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Influenza immunization in immunosuppressed children.

Optimal influenza immunization of individuals with malignancy and other immunodeficient states requires and understanding of responses to currently recommended regimens. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and other malignancies between three and 17 years of age were immunized with bivalent influenza vaccine containing A/New Jersey/76 and A/Victoria/75. Folowing a two-dose immunization schedule, only 37% (25468) on cancer chemotherapy seroconverted to a hemagglutination inhibition titer greater than or equal to 20 for A/NJ/76; the seroconversion rate in those not on chemotherapy was 92% (68/74, P less than 0.001). The immune response to the A/Vic/75 antigen was also related to a history of recent chemotherapy. There was no correlation between the immune response and the peripheral white blood cell count except at counts less than or equal to 1,000. The optimum time to immunize children with malignancies is when they have been off chemotherapy for one month and have peripheral white blood counts greater than 1,000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Group therapy with parents of children with leukemia.

This paper deals with a six-year experience of group therapy for parents of leukemic children. The group, which includes the hospital staff, strengthens the role of parents, doctors, and nurses. Group therapy is seen as a preventive measure in the sense of working with and partially resolving family stresses. Mourning reactions are dealt with but within limits. The group is built into the total treatment program and, while funding lasts, is not considered to be ancillary or temporary.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Defects of neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration in thalassemia major.

Chemotactic and random migrations in a group of 11 patients with thalassemia major were found to be defective. This may be partially the basis for the predilection to infection occasionally observed in these patients. These findings may reflect a primary defect of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or may be secondary to associated liver disease and/or diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required to define the mechanisms involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Management of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia.

Two infants, who presented at birth with isoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, are the basis for this report. The problems confronting the physician in treating an affected infant, as well as in the management of subsequent pregnancies after an infant with isoimmunization has been delivered, are discussed. In view of the small but serious risk of intracranial hemorrhage during the birth process in these infants, delivery by cesarean section is advocated for all pregnancies known to be at risk i.e., after a previous infant has been shown to be affected.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Biphasic reaction kinetics in an anomalous isozyme of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase.

A mutant erythrocyte isozyme of pyruvate kinase (PK) (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) has been found in associatin with chronic hemolytic anemia in two siblings who were doubly heterozygous for the isozyme and for quantitative PK deficiency of the usual form. The isozyme was characterized by approximately normal maximum reaction velocities but had markedly decreased affinity for the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), with 5-fold to 10-fold increases in half-saturation constants and decreased interaction between substrate binding sites. Two distinctly separable kinetic patterns for PEP were observed with multiple specimens. Concentrations of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) required for half-maximal activation were two orders of magnitude greater than controls, and optimal pH was lowered to 6.5. stability at 4 degrees C was markedly decreased, but the lost enzyme could be reactivated by fdp for periods even longer than normal controls.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Decreased alpha globine mRNA in nucleated red cell precursors in alpha thalassemia.

The alpha thalassemias are associated with a decrease in alpha chain synthesis. Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a moderately severe form of alpha thalassemia characterized by the production of 5%--20% of HbH, while alpha thalassemia trait is a milder form of alpha thalassemia. In two patients with HbH disease, the ratio of alpha chain synthesis to beta chain synthesis (alpha/beta ratio) was decreased in both bone marrow cells and reticulocytes. When isolated mRNA from bone marrow cells and reticulocytes was translated in a heterologous cell-free system, the alpha/beta ratios were lower than the intact cell ratios. These findings were confirmed by hybridization of the mRNA of both marrow cells and reticulocytes using purified alpha and beta cDNA probes. In the intact cells of two patients with alpha thalassemia trait, the alpha/beta ratios were also decreased and were similar in marrow cells and reticulocytes. Cell-free studies of translatable mRNA also demonstrated decreased alpha/beta ratios, but, unlike the HbH studies, the cell-free alpha/beta ratios were similar to the intact cell ratios. One hybridization study utilizing peripheral blood mRNA had an alpha/beta ratio consistent with the cell-free ratios. These results indicated that, in both HbH disease and alpha thalassemia trait, there was decreased alpha globin mRNA present in both nucleated red cell precursors and reticulocytes. In addition, the data suggested that there may be translational mechanisms that operate in intact HbH cells which attempt to balance globin chain production. In alpha thalassemia trait cells, no such controls appeared to be active and globin chain synthesis was directly proportional to the amount of alpha and beta globin mRNA in the cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Advances in the treatment of Wilms' tumor.

The addition of chemotherapy to older standard treatment with surgery and radiotherapy has increased survival to more than 80% in localized Wilms' tumor, and about 50% in metastatic disease. Actinomycin-D and vincristine have proved to be the two most active agents. Multiple-course maintenance treatment with actinomycin-D has allowed fewer relapses, but not a significantly different survival rate than a single course of this drug. Use of actinomycin-D and vincristine in combination has been under study; initial indications show that the combination is superior to either drug employed singly. The need for postoperative radiotherapy in totally resected tumors confined to the kidney is also under study. Adriamycin is at present the most encouraging new drug that has had clinical trial.

Dactinomycin↗