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Biomedical subjects

J Abrahamsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Abrahamsson.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, magnesium sulfate, and milrinone on survival and the occurrence of arrhythmias in amitriptyline poisoning in the rat.

OBJECTIVES: Cardiac depression is the main adverse effect of severe tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of several inotropic drugs on survival and the occurrence of arrhythmias in the treatment of amitriptyline poisoning. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, controlled intervention trial. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six male Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital and mechanically ventilated. INTERVENTIONS: Rats subjected to a 60-min continuous infusion of amitriptyline (1.25 mg/kg/min) were treated with a continuous infusion of either epinephrine, norepinephrine, milrinone, magnesium, epinephrine + magnesium, or norepinephrine + magnesium. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Without treatment, all animals exhibited arrhythmias on the electrocardiogram within 20 mins. All treatment drugs delayed the onset of arrhythmias, but significant differences were only observed after administration of epinephrine, epinephrine + magnesium sulfate, and norepinephrine + magnesium sulfate. All the inotropic drugs markedly increased survival. Sodium concentrations were unaffected by all treatments. In control animals, potassium concentrations increased during amitriptyline infusion. Norepinephrine treatment had no effect on potassium concentrations, whereas all other treatments resulted in decreased potassium concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: All inotropic drugs used in the study increased survival in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning in rats without increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Furthermore, epinephrine and norepinephrine + magnesium sulfate were effective in preventing arrhythmias, possibly due to improved hemodynamic performance or potassium homeostasis.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1993

A single i.v. dose of ondansetron 8 mg prior to induction of anaesthesia reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynaecological patients.

The effect of a single intravenous dose of ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and emesis (retching and vomiting) (PONV) was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, international study. Women of ASA class I-III, requiring gynaecological laparotomy, vaginal hysterectomy, or major vaginal surgery were selected for study. Two hundred and thirty-five received placebo, 231 received 1 mg ondansetron, 228 received 8 mg ondansetron and 229 received 16 mg ondansetron, as an infusion over five minutes before the induction of anaesthesia. A standardized balanced anaesthetic technique was employed. This consisted of premedication with either diazepam or temazepam, thiopentone induction, maintenance with nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented with enflurane or isoflurane, intraoperative analgesia with fentanyl, neuromuscular blockade with any choice of agent and reversal with neostigmine and atropine. Postoperative analgesia was achieved with morphine, and prochlorperazine or metoclopramide were given if a rescue antiemetic was required. A greater percentage of patients in the 8 mg and 16 mg ondansetron groups experienced no postoperative emesis (44% and 39% respectively) than in the placebo and 1 mg ondansetron groups (29% and 28% respectively) for the first 24 hr postoperative period (8 mg vs placebo and 1 mg: P < or = 0.001; 16 mg vs placebo: P < 0.05; 16 mg vs 1 mg: P < 0.05). Similarly, the percentage of patients who did not experience postoperative nausea were 20%, 26%, 31% and 28% for the placebo, 1 mg, 8 mg and 16 mg ondansetron treatment groups, respectively (8 mg and 16 mg vs placebo P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on hemodynamic parameters and arrhythmias during a continuous infusion of amitriptyline in rats.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine were evaluated in treatment of hemodynamic compromise in amitriptyline intoxication. One hundred and one male Wistar rats were monitored hemodynamically during amitriptyline intoxication and given one of three infusion rates (0.1, 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/min) of either epinephrine or norepinephrine. Sixteen rats served as controls and received only glucose after intoxication. Amitriptyline intoxication lowered mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular max dP/dt, and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. All doses of norepinephrine and the two higher doses of epinephrine increased mean arterial blood pressure and left ventricular max dP/dt. Heart rate increased with both drugs, more with epinephrine, but not beyond pre-intoxicated levels at any dose. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was unaltered by both drugs. Malignant arrhythmias appeared in 7% of all animals, whereas a progressive decline of cardiac contractility caused cardiac arrest in 36% of all animals. This suggests that myocardial depression is the aspect most likely to cause death. At intermediate doses epinephrine resulted in significantly fewer arrhythmias and lower mortality compared to norepinephrine. We conclude that epinephrine and norepinephrine each appeared effective in reversing amitriptyline-induced hemodynamic alterations. Epinephrine had fewer arrhythmogenic properties than norepinephrine and may be preferable to norepinephrine.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1993

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in malignant disease.

PURPOSE: Due to its important role in immunoregulation, we have investigated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), in children with newly diagnosed, untreated, malignant disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: These levels have been related to the presence of infection and to the serum content of three other cytokines, namely interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma. All cytokine analyses were performed using highly sensitive radioimmunoassays. RESULTS: Children with leukemia had higher mean levels of TNF alpha (63.6 +/- 12.3 pg/ml) than did children with solid tumors (21.5 +/- 4.2 pg/ml) and control patients (10.5 +/- 2.6 pg/ml). TNF alpha levels in patients did not correlate with the levels of the other cytokines or with the presence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Children with malignant disease often have elevated TNF alpha levels. This elevation is dependent on the malignant disease process itself, and could either reflect the host immunological response or tumor cell production of TNF alpha.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamic changes during laparoscopy with positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation.

Hemodynamic measurements were performed in 10 healthy women undergoing elective laparoscopy for the investigation of infertility. A standardized anesthetic technique which included the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 0.49 kPa (3.7 mmHg) was utilized. The following variables were studied: cardiac output, stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time (determined non-invasively with impedance cardiography), heart rate, blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET-CO2). The combination of 25 degrees head-down tilt and PEEP ventilation during laparoscopy was associated with a pressure response that restored arterial pressures to essentially pre-anesthetic levels. Net cardiac effects were small. With this regime low pressure 0.7-1.1 kPa (5-8 mmHg) intra-abdominal insufflation with CO2 was associated with only minor cardiovascular changes. There were no indications that 0.49 kPa PEEP during laparoscopy produced adverse cardiovascular effects. The application of PEEP reduced (P less than 0.001) ET-CO2. There was no net increase in ET-CO2 after CO2-insufflation compared to the measurement after induction of anesthesia. This is in contrast to earlier studies without PEEP where a significant net increase in ET-CO2 was reported after CO2-insufflation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Buprenorphine (Temgesic) as a peroperative analgesic. A multicenter study].

Using buprenorphine as sole intravenous analgesic in balanced anaesthesia, we tried to find the most suitable dose of buprenorphine, and compared it to fentanyl, regarding analgetic, circulatory and side effects. Initial doses of 5, 10 and 15 micrograms/kg buprenorphine and 10 micrograms/kg fentanyl were compared. Peroperative analgesia was adequate with both drugs and neither gave circulatory effects of clinical significance. After buprenorphine three of 60 patients and after fentanyl five of 11 patients were given naloxone. Nausea was more common after buprenorphine. Postoperative analgesia after the last dose of buprenorphine averaged 13 h, highly significantly longer than the 2 h after fentanyl. The overall course was considered good in 93% of buprenorphine and 100% of fentanyl cases. Buprenorphine doses are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cholesteryl sulphate and phosphate in the solid state and in aqueous systems.

Cholesteryl sodium sulphate (CS) crystallizes as the dihydrate, the crystal structure of which is known. On heating the dihydrate, solid state phase transitions are observed at 65 degrees C and 95 degrees C and melting occurs at 165 degrees C. The structure of the high temperature phase has not been determined. Cholesteryl dihydrogen phosphate (CP) is not isostructural with any phases of CS. It undergoes a phase transition at 50 degrees C and melts at 190 degrees C. In systems with water CS is unstable whereas it was possible to determine the phase diagram of CP. In most of the composition range a crystalline hydrate is in equilibrium with a gel-phase. The latter has remarkable properties in that lamellar order exists with the 46 A lipid bilayer interleaved with water layers up to 1000 A. The monofilm behaviour of CS and CP at different pH levels is also reported.

Cholesterol↗