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Biomedical subjects

J Adrian

Publications and source records attributed to J Adrian.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Fate of benzo(a)pyrene in the digestive tract. 1. Its disappearance].

In an early stage, diets with 0,1% or 0,05% of B(a)P decreased the intake and the growth of young rats (78 g) and adult rats (415 g). The stomach tissue adsorbed the B(a)P (30 micrograms/whole tissue) by a physical mechanism. Both in intestinal contents and wall, the amount of B(a)P was much higher in growing rats than in old animals; also, the faeces respectively contained 1.99 mg and 0.03 mg of B(a)P/g dry. The "digestibility" of B(a)P was of 88.7% (after 6-13 days of experiment) to 99.6% after 15-22 days. The blood serum of young rats contained 1.36 microgram de B(a)P/100 ml.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

[Fate of benzo(a)pyrene in the digestive tract. 2. Appearance of metabolites].

The degradation of the B(a)P - mainly by oxidative way - began in the stomach and greatly developed in the intestine. The quinones and other hydrosoluble derivatives were the main metabolites of the B(a)P digestive tractus. The quinones predominated in stomach tissue, but the most hydrosoluble metabolites also were present in this wall. In the intestinal content, these hydrosoluble metabolites were very abundant; they seemed easily absorbable by the intestinal wall. Conversely, the quinones were excreted in faeces. A reduced metabolite was formed in intestinal and faecal contents.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Consequences in the rat of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose. 4. Composition of the liver].

Lots of 12 rats Wistar receive a well-balanced diet with 40 p. 100 of sucrose (control), or 40 p. 100 of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in the form of whey or ultrafiltration permeate. After 270 days, the liver of experimental lots contains more thiamine (about +130 p. 100) and less total cholesterol (about -18 p. 100). The lactose feeding increases the liver riboflavine, more than the hydrolyzed lactose.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in the rat. 5. Intestinal metabolism of glucose and galactose].

Effect of Prolonged Consumption of Lactose or Hydrolyzed Lactose in Rats.--5. Intestinal Metabolism of Glucose and Galactose. The intestinal metabolism of galactose is different according to the form of ingestion. With a lactose diet (L), the galactose is abundant in intestinal contents (Tab. I), since neither the intestinal flora (Tab. II), nor the epithelial tissue (Tab. III) can easily metabolize the galactose. The glucose disappears more rapidly than the galactose (Tab. I). With a hydrolyzed lactose diet (LH), the intestinal contents of two hexoses are identical (Tab. I). In this case, the enzymic activity of epithelium metabolizes an amount of galactose 6 times as big as with the lactose diet (Tab. III).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Intestinal absorption of glucose and galactose in the rat determined by blood hexose].

Adult rats are used to consume their diet within the space of 30 min. They are sacrified after fasting 2 hours or 30 to 90 min. after the end of meal. Blood sugars are determined. -- The administration of galactose (GAL group) at 40 p. 100 of the diet induces a high postprandial galactosemia (near 600 mg p. 100 ml) without glycemia change: the absorbed galactose is not converted into glucose. -- The consumption of glucose-galactose mixture (G-G group) don't induce postprandial hyperglycemia. However, galactosemia is about 250 mg p. 100 ml. In our conditions, glucose and galactose seem absorbed by two different systems. The galactose absorption would be favoured; otherwise, the absorbed glucose would be partly epimerized into galactose. Galatitolemia goes on 24 hours after the meal but it is not immediately modified by the galactose consumption. The galactosemia and galactitolemia variations are independent one of the others.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in the rat. 2. Digestibility, retention and utilization of lactose components].

Nutritional balances are made with groups of 12 rats Wistar receiving well-balanced diets with 40 p. 100 of sucrose (T), or 40 p. 100 of lactose (L and P), or hydrolyzed lactose (LH and PH). Whey (L) and ultrafiltration permeate (P) are used in crude state or after enzymic industrial lactase hydrolysis (LH and PH). The animals consume diets during eight months. Faeces contain neither lactose nor galactose, but glucose in small quantities. In all urines occurs about 0,5 mg/day of glucose. The lactose diets (L and P) provoke a week lactosury (0,36 p. 100 of ingestion). Galactose and galactitol are abundant in urines: with lactose diets (L and P), the urinary excretion is equal to 4 p. 100 of ingested galactose. In urines of hydrolyzed lactose diets (LH and PH) the excretion reaches 26 p. 100 of ingestion. In this case the excretion is remarkably invariable from third day of eighth month: the urinary galactose corresponds to 23 p. 100 and galactitol to 3 p. 100 of consumed galactose. The urines of lactose diets (L and P) and hydrolyzed lactose diets (LH and PH) contain 100 and 300 mg/day of non sugar reducing substances respectively, i.e. 40 p. 100 of total urinary reducing power. The apparent retention of lactose (L and P) is 95,5 p. 100 and that of the hydrolyzed lactose (LH and PH) is 86 p. 100 after 8 months of experiment but it is estimated that digestive flora consumes 40 p. 100 of dietary lactose (L and P).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Reactions in the rats from prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose. 3. Crystalline lens].

Three groups of 15 rats Wistar receive a well-balanced diet with 40 per cent of sucrose (T), lactose (P) or hydrolyzed lactose (PH) in the form of ultrafiltration permeate. After 160 days, no cataract is revealed in the T and P groups. In the PH group, 14 rats reached by cataracts in both eyes: it is slightly developed (PH 2), mildly developed (PH 3) or practically total (PH 4). The inositol disappearance, the high quantity of galactitol, the water and sodium increases are the factors observed before the lens opacification and are responsible for the cataract. Then, during the opacification, soluble proteins, potassium and hydratation of the lens decrease. Galactose 1-P is slowly formed before and during the lens opacification. The lens of the P group (lactose) differ from the control group (T) by the nature and the quantity of hexitols, only.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in rats--nutritive efficiency and anatomical changes (author's transl)].

Growing rats receive for 270 days well-balanced diets with 40 p. 100 of lactose or industrial hydrolyzed lactose. Whey and ultrafiltration permeate are used in crude state or after enzymic lactose hydrolysis. In lactose diets the ingesta and the food efficiency are considerably reduced as well as the growth. The water intake is greatly increased. The dry mater digestibility is not modified by the lactose after an experiment of 7 months. Hydrolyzed lactose provokes all these phenomena but with a weaker intensity. In a zootechnical point of view the lactose hydrolysis reduces the detrimental properties of lactose. After 270 days animals having received lactose show a high hypertrophy of small intestine and caecum tissues as well as a small renal hypertropy (dry matter/100 g of living weight). Hydrolyzed lactose involves the comparable modifications but with a less extent. Numerous facts attributed to lactose molecule are partially imputable to galactose molecule mainly the increase of water consumption. Only the growth of bone tissue (femur) is provoked by the lactose molecule itself and not to its components. When the diet is well-balanced the presence of whey proteins does not seem to modify the lactose effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Aflatoxin inactivation after ammonia treatment. In vitro studies on detoxified peanut meals].

The maximum allowable tolerance of aflatoxins in animal feeds is becoming lower and lower, and it is obvious that the fairly high level of aflatoxin B1 found in almost all peanut meals in recent years restricts this protein source for use in the diets of most animal species. Among the different chemical methods for aflatoxin inactivation, treatment by gaseous ammonia under a pressure of 2 to 3 bars, appears a very attractive solution because it may be achieved by a fairly easy and rapid procedure. This treatment markedly reduces--up to 95 p. 100--the aflatoxins content of the meal. An increase in the nitrogen content, mainly in the non protein form, is observed. Ammoniation has no adverse effect on in vitro pepsin digestibility and even improves the sensitivity of the meal towards proteases. It slightly reduces protein deamination in the artificial rumen and nitrogen solubility in a buffer solution at pH 7,5; these effects seem to be favourable for the utilization of the treated meals by rumiinants. The amino acid compostion of the meal is not significantly changed, particularly with regard to total and available lysine. However, cystine undergoes partial destruction; but this loss could be counterbalanced by a supply of synthetic methionine.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1978

[Role of the digestive flora in adaptation to lactose consumption in rats].

Part of the digestive flora in the adaptation to lactose consumption. Lactase activity was determined with adult Wistar rats. Some of which were accustomed to lactose since weaning. For this purpose, the tissue of jejunum, the flora of the ileum, the caecum and the large intestine were examined. When the rats received a high lactose diet, the lactase of the jejunum is more active because of both the intestinal tissue development and a higher production of enzyme by protein unit. But the main source of lactase is the digestive flora of the animal: a lactase flora develops in the ileum, the large intestine and mainly the caecum. The caecum lactase represents about half of the total lactase activity. The flora of the animal which has not consumed lactose since weaning can develop a noticeable lactase activity after 7 hr of incubation in presence of lactose. It is also the caecum flora which shows the greatest capacity of adaptation to lactose.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Niacin efficiency in zein base diets].

Lots of growing or adult rats consume ad libitum diets based on zein (12 p. 100 of protein) (diets A), or on zein partially supplemented by lysine and tryptophan (= protein quality of maize) (diets B), or on zein supplemented by amino acids to fill its deficiencies totally (diets C). The diets contain 15 mg of niacine per kg. The diets A 1, B 1 and C 1 receive an addition of 10 mg of supplementary niacin. The efficiency is estimated by the amount of niacin and tryptophan in blood plasma and in liver. The niacin efficiency depends more on the protein quality - more precisely of the intake of tryptophan - than the intake of niacin: the hepatic concentrations of niacin are 120 mug with diet A and 210 mug with diet C in growing rats. These variations are identical to the evolution of intakes and of concentrations of liver nitrogen. The administration of a supplement of niacin (10 mg/kg) does not cause repercussion on the body niacine on the growing rat and provokes a very weak profit on the adult animal. In the dietsA (unsupplemented zein), only the tryptophan is an efficacious source of niacin. The niacin seems unable to increase the vitamin storage in the liver.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Efficiency of various B vitamins in zein base diets].

Lots of growing rats consume ad libitum rations based on zein (diets A), or zein partially supplemented in lysine and tryptophan (= protein quality of maize) (diets B), or zein supplemented in amino acids to fill totally its deficiencies (diets C). The diets contain 15 mg of niacin, 1.5 mg of thiamine, 2.5 mg of riboflavin and 1.5 mg of pyridoxine per kg. The efficiency of these vitamins is estimated according to their hepatic amounts. Compared with the diet A, the liver of animals of diet B contains in average 37 p. 100 less vitamins and that of diet C 56 P. 100 less. The amount of niacin in liver directly depends on the tryptophan intake and not on that of the niacin. The amount of riboflavin and pyridoxine depends on the nitrogen in the liver: the retention of 1 mg of nitrogen in the liver provokes the retention of 1.1 mug of riboflavin and of 0.2 mug of pyridoxine. The amount of thiamine is less narrowly linked to the hepatic nitrogen metabolism. The constitution of vitamin storage in the liver comes from the protein quality of the diet and from the possibilities of nitrogen storage.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Nutritional study of the membranes of S. cerevisiae. 1. Chemical composition and viscosity].

After an enzymic auto-degradation of their cytoplasma, the residue of the yeast (S. cerevisiae) contains a thick cell wall and a thin plasma membrane. These total membranes have the following composition in dry substance: proteins = 20,5%, lipids = 31,5%, carbohydrates = 42,0%, and ash = 3,7%. About 85% of carbohydrates (glycans) are easily hydrolysable by chemical method and should be digestible by the non-ruminant species. Proteins, contain 6,9% of lysine, 6,35% of threonine and have only one serious deficit, that of methionine which is 57%. These proteins seem to be resistant to the Maillard reaction. The percentage of in vitro digestible lysine increases when the membranes have undergone a heating of sufficient intensity. The methods of the treatment may give to the membranes an important apparent viscosity. These membranes could play the part of thickening and gelifiant agent in food technology. They also might constitute an interesting source of proteins because of its concentration in lysine and threonine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Nutritional study of the membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. Utilization by the rat].

The proteins of the membranes have a digestibility of 95%. As their content of lysine and threonine is high, they effectively supplement a diet with wheat gluten. When they are added up with methionine, their efficiency is comparable with that of casein. The carbohydrates of membranes are really different from cellulose and from the indigestible matter of plants, in both chemical and physiological fields: a) they are degraded in the caecum by the microorganisms; b) they do not decrease the digestibility of the ration. However, their true interest for the non-ruminant species remains uncertain and their true digestibility is difficult to calculate. According to some indirect criterions, it might be situated about 80%. The lipids of membranes have a digestibility of 35%. This fact must not be due to the nature of the fatty acids, but may be attributed to the very strong fixation of lipids in the membranes which makes their extraction by the solvents very difficult. Finally, the membranes of S. cerevisiae may be considered as a food product, mainly because of the efficacy of their proteins.

Animals↗