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Biomedical subjects

J Aggarwal

Publications and source records attributed to J Aggarwal.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Contraceptive effect of sperm-agglutinating factor isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in mouse.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contraceptive effect of sperm-agglutinating factor (SAF) isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in mouse. DESIGN: Experimental study performed with LACA mice obtained from the Central Animal House, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. SETTING: In vivo studies conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. POPULATION: Sixty female and 18 male mice were used for the studies. METHODS: Mice sperm-S. aureus agglutination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vivo studies in mice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Contraceptive efficacy of SAF. RESULTS: S. aureus readily adhered to and agglutinated mouse spermatozoa. By SEM, S. aureus adherence was observed on sperm head as well as sperm tail. SAF was found to be causing 100% fertility inhibition in mouse with no effect on vaginal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Sperm-agglutinating factor has been found to have a potential as a contraceptive agent.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2005

The cost-effectiveness of weekly epoetin alfa relative to weekly darbepoetin alfa in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DARB) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA), using dosing regimens approved by the FDA (EPO 40,000 U once weekly and DARB 2.25 U once weekly and DARB 2.25 mcg/kg once weekly). METHODS: The study compared published results of two double-blind, randomized, phase III trials one utilizing EPO (N = 166) and the other, DARB (N = 367). Patients in both trials similar baseline characteristics. Effectiveness was measured as the proportion of EPO or DARB patients who were successfully treated (i.e., did not require blood transfusion) during weeks 0-16 and 5-16, respectively. Estimated drug costs were presented in 2005 USD based on wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) and average drug utilization over 16 weeks. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the estimated drug costs divided by transfusion effectiveness. Threshold analysis was used to determine the break-even point at which EPO and DARB had the same drug costs. RESULTS: Estimated drug costs over 16 weeks were $9,039 for EPO and $13,555 for DARB. During weeks 5-16, 85% of EPO patients and 73% of DARB patients were successfully treated, resulting in average cost-effectiveness ratios of $106 for EPO and $186 for DARB per one per cent of successfully treated patients. A 33% reduction in DARB WAC was required to achieve the same drug costs as for EPO. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing FDA-approved doses, EPO was found to result in lower drug costs and better treatment success when compared to DARB. Hence, EPO is a dominant alternative compared to DARB for the treatment of CIA. The analyses presented here are not without limitations. Specifically, although the studies were comparable, patients were ultimately drawn from different populations.

Anemia↗
PubMed1993

Bancroftian filarial pleural effusion.

This paper describes a case of filarial pleural effusion, the fifth such to be reported. Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti were detected in the pleural fluid on cytological examination. There was a prompt and complete response to treatment with diethylcarbamazine. There were, however, no symptoms and signs of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia nor any peripheral eosinophilia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Continuous terbutaline nebulization for the treatment of severe exacerbations of asthma in children.

Twelve children with severe asthma were treated in an intensive care unit with continuously nebulized terbutaline at doses between 1.0 and 12.0 mg/hour. All patients showed improvement in blood gases, pulse, and respiratory rates. None experience significant side effects. The duration of therapy ranged from 1 to 24 hours (mean = 8.3 hours), and all were able to leave the intensive care unit within one day. The use of continuously nebulized terbutaline appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe asthma in children in this limited experience.

Administration, Inhalation↗