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Biomedical subjects

J Aiman

Publications and source records attributed to J Aiman.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Steroid production in a woman with gonadal dysgenesis, breast development, and clitoral hypertrophy.

Androgen and estrogen production was measured in a 46,XX woman with gonadal dysgenesis, breast development, and clitoral hypertrophy. The production rates of androstenedione (438 micrograms/24 hr), estrone (26 micrograms/24 hr), and estradiol-17 beta (13 micrograms/24 hr) were low compared to values obtained in normal young women. The production rate of testosterone (239 micrograms/24 hr) was similar to that of normal women. Bilateral nodular streaks were found in the usual anatomic site occupied by ovaries. By microscopic examination of the streaks, fibrous tissue containing nests of hilar cells was found. The karyotype of skin, peripheral leukocytes, and gonadal streak fibroblasts in culture was 46,XX. The possible causes and implications of breast development and clitoral enlargement in subjects with gonadal dysgenesis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Androgen insensitivity as a cause of infertility in otherwise normal men.

To ascertain if androgen insensitivity causes severe oligospermia or azoospermia we studied three unrelated, phenotypically normal men with long histories of infertility. The mean plasma concentrations and production rates of testosterone were 14.3 ng per milliliter and 10.1 mg per day, respectively, values approximately twice the average found in normal men. Serum luteinizing hormone concentrations were elevated in two of the three subjects. The specific high-affinity dihydrotestosterone binding capacity of cultured genital-skin fibroblasts was 8, 0 and 10 fmol per milligram of cellular protein, values half (or less) of those from normal men and women but similar to values in subjects with partial androgen insensitivity manifested by incomplete testicular feminization or Reifenstein syndrome. The low amount of androgen receptor and the combination of high serum gonadotropins and plasma testosterone production rates suggest that the defective spermatogenesis in these infertile men was the consequence of androgen insensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Production and origin of estrogen in two true hermaphrodites.

Two 46,XX true hermaphrodites with genital ambiguity since birth and gynecomastia were studied. The production rates of estradiol in these subjects, 77 and 71 microgram per 24 hours, and of estrone, 82 and 136 microgram per 24 hours, were approximately twice those of normal adult men. In one of these subjects the plasma production rates of androstenedione and testosterone were measured and found to be 389 and 1,271 microgram per 24 hours, respectively. In this subject all estrone production, 82 microgram per 24 hours, could be accounted for by extraglandular formation from plasma prehormones, whereas 71 microgram of estradiol per 24 hours could not be accounted for by extraglandular formation and presumably arose from glandular secretion. The concentration of testosterone in the testicular portion of the ovotestis of this subject was 465 ng. per gram of tissue, a value comparable to that found in testicular tissue obtained from adult men. In the other subject of this study, who had a malignant gonadal tumor, the plasma concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin was 3,000 ml.U. per milliliter. From the results of this study we conclude that both ovarian and testicular components of the gonads of these two individuals were endocrinologically active, and that their gynecomastia likely developed as a consequence of gonadal estradiol secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Studies of gonadotropin-gonadal dynamics in patients with androgen insensitivity.

Four patients with androgen insensitivity had plasma LH and FSH measured at 20-min intervals for 24 h and at 15- to 30-min intervals for 3 h after the injection of LRH. Twenty-four-hour mean testosterone (T), estradiol, and androstenedione (delta 4) levels were also measured. Patients with androgen insensitivity had significantly elevated LH levels (P less than 0.05) and an increase in the number of LH secretory episodes (P less than 0.001) compared to normal subjects. The amplitude of the LH secretory episodes, expressed as the absolute increment, was significantly higher than normal controls (P less than 0.005). The LH response to LRH (absolute increment) was twice that of normal, but was not significantly different from normal subjects. The 24-h mean FSH levels were normal in three of the patients and elevated in one. This patient had the mildest degree of androgen insensitivity on clinical exam and the greatest degree of testicular atrophy. The 24-h mean T, estradiol, and delta 4 levels were higher than normal, but only the delta 4 was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). To determine if the elevated LH levels were in response to a decrease in the free T level, we measured T-binding capacity (TBG), TBG was higher than normal controls but was not significantly different, suggesting that elevated LH levels were probably in response to a decrease in T action at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. This was further supported by the inability of prolonged dihydrotestosterone administration to affect LH secretion in one of the patients with the Reifenstein syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Androgen and estrogen formation in women with ovarian hyperthecosis.

Women with ovarian hyperthecosis were studied and found to have a plasma testosterone production rate of 2.1 mg/day, a value eight times greater than that of nonhirsute, ovulatory women. The severity of hirsutism and virilization in these women was more closely correlated with the amount of testosterone produced than with plasma testosterone concentrations. The mean plasma production rates of androstenedione in these women, 8.6 mg/day, was more than three times that found in young women with no evidence of androgen excess. There was a marked gradient between ovarian and peripheral venous plasma concentrations for both C19 steroids. Following ovarian wedge resection or oophorectomy, there was a precipitous fall in the peripheral venous concentrations of these steroids. These observations support the view that the major source of excess androstenedione and testosterone secretion in these subjects was the ovaries. The rate of estrone formation in these women, 106-345 microgram/day, was the result of extraglandular aromatization of plasma androstenedione.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The origin of androgen and estrogen in a virilized postmenopausal woman with bilateral benign cystic teratomas.

Clitoromegaly was observed in a 73-year-old woman who had bilateral ovarian benign cystic teratomas that contained only epithelial derivatives. Scattered in the stroma of these ovaries were clusters of hyperplastic cells. The plasma testosterone production rate was 2.4 mg/day, a value that is ten times greater than that of normal postmenopausal women. The elevated plasma concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione decreased to normal by the second day after bilateral oophorectomy. Ovarian venous concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were also increased and were considerably greater than those in peripheral blood. Estrone production was 68 microng/day, most of which could be accounted fo by the extraglandular formation from androstenedione. Estradiol production was 71 microng/day, of which 75% was computed to arise from extraglandular formation and the remainder likely arose by ovarian secretion. The modest increase in estrogen production was associated with slight cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. From this study we conclude that the hyperplastic ovarian stroma was the source of the excessive androgen production.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

X-ray pelvimetry of the pregnant adolescent. Pelvic size and the frequency of contraction.

Pelvic dimensions by x-ray of 282 pregnant adolescents and 181 adult women were compared to ascertain if the pelvis of the adolescent was smaller and contracted with greater frequency. The majority of 10 pelvic dimensions for black and white adolescents were significantly smaller or contracted with significantly greater frequency. The pattern of signifcant differences suggests that the adolescent pelvis has yet to mature fully by age 16. As a consequence of physiologic events during puberty, described by several authors, the adolescent pelvis grows at an accelerated rate and typically changes from an anthropoid to a gynecoid configuration. Caution must be taken in applying these results since pelvic size is not synonymous with obstetric outcome.

Adolescent↗