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Biomedical subjects

J Aldridge

Publications and source records attributed to J Aldridge.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Primary teachers' classroom practices and their perceptions of children's attention problems.

15 teachers of Kindergarten through Grade 2 in two schools from a rural southeastern United States community completed the Philosophy of Teaching Scale and indicated on the Child Behavior Checklist their perceptions of 309 children in their classrooms who might show problems of attention. A difference was found between teachers of structured and unstructured orientations in the number of children they reported to be hyperactive. The former group perceived significantly more children in their classroom to be hyperactive.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1993

Psychological rationales for grouping children.

Schools are organized so children are most often taught in groups. The rationale for grouping children can be based on psychological principles. Broad paradigms, such as the mechanistic, organismic, and the dialectical/contextual, provide reasons for grouping children. Specific psychological approaches including behavioral, maturational, constructivist, cultural-historical, and social cognitive indicate varying reasons why children collaborate. This article lists psychological reasons children are grouped for instruction.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Responses of first-grade children to concepts about printed material before and after shared reading experiences.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of shared reading experiences using books with predictable content to assess 24 inner-city African-American first-graders' concepts about printed material. The 8-week treatment using a two-group pre- and posttest experimental design with random assignment showed no significant differences between groups. A larger sample and longer treatment time are recommended for replicating this study.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Environmental print as strategy for developmental literacy of young atypical children.

12 children with handicapping problems were taught various strategies during a two-year period. These programs, designed to enrich their appreciation and awareness of the sounds of letters and how they are used, increased the children's attention span, parental participation with children and teacher, and promoted active involvement in reading.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Polar axis fixation in Fucus zygotes: components of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.

Polar axis formation and polar axis stabilization (or fixation) can be separated and analyzed in synchronously developing zygotes of the brown alga Fucus. Extensive experimental evidence points to a role for both the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process of axis fixation in Fucus. A structural complex composed of the cytoskeleton and the ECM has been postulated to stabilize membrane asymmetries generated as a result of axis-forming vectors. This axis stabilizing complex (ASC) may take the form of transmembrane connections between the cytoskeleton on the cytoplasmic face and the ECM on the external side of the plasma membrane, similar to focal contacts in animal cells. At present we know of two components in the proposed ASC of Fucus: an adhesive sulfated glycoprotein which is localized in the ECM, and an actin network which is localized on the adjoining cytoplasmic face. This preliminary report describes evidence for the presence of molecules in two-celled Fucus embryos that are similar to those found in focal contacts in animal cells, i.e. vinculin, integrin and vitronectin. However, their localization and interaction with each other relative to the polar axis has yet to be determined. These initial observations will provide the basis to pursue further an analysis of these components in the process of polar axis fixation.

Cell Polarity↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacologic support of the myocardium following aortocoronary bypass surgery: a comparative study.

To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of simultaneous nitroglycerin and epinephrine infusion following aortocoronary bypass surgery, 16 patients were monitored and studied in the early postoperative period. All patients were given intravenous nitroglycerin, epinephrine, epinephrine combined with nitroglycerin, and dobutamine in a randomized manner. The dose of pharmacologic agent was gradually increased to achieve the required circulatory response. The measured variables included heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial blood pressure (BP), pulmonary artery pressure (PA), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), cardiac output, and arterial and venous oxygen saturations. A nitroglycerin infusion at 1.1 +/- 2 micrograms/kg/min caused the PAWP to decrease by 37% (P less than or equal to .005). All other parameters were not significantly different from control. Epinephrine at a dose of 0.06 +/- 0.02 micrograms/kg/min increased the mean blood pressure by 21% (P less than or equal to .005). The rate-pressure product (RPP) and PAWP were elevated by 18% and 12%, respectively (P less than or equal to .005). Cardiac index, however, was not increased. When nitroglycerin was added to the epinephrine infusion, a PAWP increase was not seen. Also the right ventricular stroke work index was increased by 23% (P less than or equal to .01), and the left ventricular stroke work index increased by 21% (P less than or equal to .01). Dobutamine 4.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms/kg/min caused ventricular stroke work indexes to increase significantly (P less than or equal to .005). The CVP and PAWP were unchanged with this mode of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Effects of instrument type and orchestral position on hearing sensitivity for 0.25 to 20 kHz in the orchestral musician.

Minnesota Orchestra members (42 males, 18 females) aged 24 to 64 years, all asymptomatic for hearing problems or ear disease, were evaluated with a hearing history questionnaire, otolaryngologic examination, and pure tone audiometry for the conventional (0.25 to 8 kHz) and extended high frequency (9 to 20 kHz) ranges. Hearing sensitivity was examined with respect to musician instrument type, years of playing, and orchestral stage position. Type of instrument played and position on the orchestral stage had no significant correlation with hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Accurate and superaccurate gene mapping.

Highly accurate gene mapping techniques need to be developed to clone disease genes with unknown defective products. The classical pedigree method and methods based on cytologically observable chromosome aberrations share definite limits in resolution. We quantify the limits in resolution for the pedigree method. We also discuss a technique for gene localization that exploits the possible presence of minute depletions overlapping the disease locus. One can search for such submicroscopic deletions by aiming random probes at them. We show quantitatively that relatively few probes may suffice to hit a target deletion. Choosing which probes to aim should be guided by pedigree studies and by close examination of relevant cytologically observable translocations and deletions.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of ceftriaxone and cefazolin prophylaxis against infection in open heart surgery.

One hundred four patients undergoing elective open heart surgery were enrolled in a prospective, double-blind trial comparing prophylaxis against infection using a single 1 g dose of ceftriaxone and seven doses of cefazolin. Patients in both groups had similar risk factors for infection. The likelihood of achieving a tissue concentration in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentration for Staph. aureus was significantly greater with ceftriaxone in atrial appendage (p less than 0.001), muscle (p less than 0.01), and bone (p less than 0.01) than with cefazolin. The serum half-life of ceftriaxone was approximately 15.7 hours. All 49 serum samples obtained 18 to 24 hours after delivery of ceftriaxone and 26 of 33 samples obtained 40 to 48 hours after delivery had drug concentrations in excess of 3.1 micrograms/ml, the mean minimal inhibitory concentration for isolates of Staph. aureus. Early and late infectious complications were infrequent and occurred at similar rates in both groups. Neither drug was associated with significant toxicity. A single 1 g dose of ceftriaxone was as effective and safe as multiple doses of cefazolin and demonstrated superior tissue penetration.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Single-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis in open heart surgery.

A single one-gram pre-operative dose of ceftriaxone was compared with seven one-gram doses of cefazolin administered peri-operatively with the aim of preventing infections associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ninety-four evaluable cases were analyzed; 49 patients received ceftriaxone and 45 received cefazolin. There was no significant difference in the number of infectious complications between the two groups. Ceftriaxone had a terminal half-life of approximately 15.7 hours. There was no toxicity associated with either antibiotic. Because of the reduced number of doses, single-dose prophylaxis may result in considerable savings. Single-dose prophylaxis with ceftriaxone was found to be an effective modality for prevention of infection in open heart surgery.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

A strategy to reveal high-frequency RFLPs along the human X chromosome.

Fifteen human X-chromosome-specific DNA fragments, localized to particular regions of that chromosome, were used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. A screening panel prepared by digesting DNA from only two females and one male with 24 restriction enzymes was sufficient to reveal two-allele polymorphisms among one-third of the probes tested. These polymorphisms, as theoretically anticipated, showed minor allele frequencies above 20%, as a rule. Such high-frequency polymorphism allowed identifying females, from pedigrees segregating three X-linked diseases, who were multiply heterozygous for polymorphic loci spread throughout the X chromosome. In addition, two of the 24 enzymes tested with these X-specific probes, Msp I and Taq I, generate fragment sizes in DNA-blotting experiments that, on average, are significantly larger than expected from nearest neighbor predicted recognition site frequencies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Molecular genetic approaches to human diseases involving mental retardation.

Recombinant DNA techniques provide new approaches to the diagnosis and analysis of inherited human diseases associated with mental retardation. Examples of such diseases include the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, phenylketonuria, the Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and those associated with deletions or duplications of subchromosomal regions, e.g., the proximal short arm of human chromosome #15. For a limited but increasing number of diseases, the DNA sequences responsible for the phenotype (e.g., sequences coding for abnormal proteins) can be isolated directly. In many other cases, DNA segments mapping near genes responsible for diseases of interest can be isolated, e.g., from recombinant phage libraries enriched for specific regions of the genome by metaphase chromosome flow-sorting and then used in molecular linkage studies to "track" the abnormal gene in a pedigree. Both the necessary technology and the methods for its application continue to improve, and the impact of recombinant DNA studies in the field of mental retardation should increase markedly in the very near future.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Roll over test.

Eighty-eight primigravidas underwent a roll over test performed according to the method suggested by Gant. A single individual performed the tests, and the results were withheld from the physician taking care of the patient. After delivery, 14 cases were excluded for various reasons, and, of the remaining 74 patients, 27 had negative results. Of these, 19 (70.4%) results were true negative and 8 (29.6%) were false negative. Forty-seven patients had a positive roll over test, of whom 35 (74.5%) did not develop hypertension in pregnancy and 12 (25.5%) did. The authors' results did not confirm the reliable predictive ability of the roll over test as reported by Gant and other investigators.

False Negative Reactions↗