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Biomedical subjects

J Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to J Andersen.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence and death after resection for cancer of the colon and rectum.

Several reports have claimed that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence and death after cancer surgery. We studied the effect of transfusion in 315 patients who had radical resection for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. The disease recurred in 113 (42%) of 268 transfused patients, versus in 15 (32%) in 47 non-transfused patients (P = 0.2). Of the transfused patients 102 (38%) died of colon cancer, versus 13 patients (28%) in the non-transfused group (P = 0.2). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 0.59 in the transfused patients and 0.72 in the non-transfused group (P = 0.10). When differences in confounding background variables were accounted for by Cox multiple regression analysis, the significance of transfusion was even less. The study does not support the hypothesis that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence after operation for colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) versus cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin and prednisone (CisEBP) for the treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high grade malignancy. The Danish Lymphoma Study Group.

The trial included 85 previously untreated patients (median age 61 years) with stage III or IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the subtypes centrocytic lymphoma, diffuse centroblastic lymphoma, immunocytoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, or unclassified lymphoma of high grade malignancy. The patients were randomized to 9 monthly treatment cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or CisEBP (cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide, prednisone). Patients who had failed to achieve even a partial response (PR) after the completion of 2 cycles were switched to the alternative regimen. Complete response (CR) on primary treatment was obtained in 70% (55-83%) of CHOP-treated patients and in 25% (13-41%) of CisEBP-treated patients (p = 0.0004). Secondary CHOP treatment produced CR in 7 (30%) of 24 patients and secondary CisEBP treatment led to CR in 2 (15%) of 14 patients. The median survival was 3.4 years in the CHOP arm and 2.6 years in the CisEBP arm (p = 0.78). Hematologic toxicity was mainly leukocytopenia and anemia in both treatment arms. Non-hematological toxicity was slight, and late toxicity was insignificant. Three treatment-related deaths were noted. We conclude that CHOP induces more remissions than CisEBP in advanced lymphomas of high grade malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

In situ carcinomas of the female breast. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects with special reference to histological growth patterns. Clinical review.

There is a disparity between the autopsy prevalence and the clinical incidence of in situ carcinoma of the breast without co-existing invasive carcinoma. The probability of developing in situ carcinoma is about 25%, while the cumulated risk of having the diagnosis established is less than 1%. In situ carcinoma in its pure form constitutes roughly 6% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers whereas in the most thorough mammographic screening series the incidence ranges from 8 to 16%. This excess in diagnosis comprises the ductal type in particular, primarily in its most aggressive forms, while the lobular type is no more common than in clinical series. Today in situ cancers occur chiefly as non-palpable lesions shown on mammography or as small changes accidentally discovered by the pathologist in a meticulous examination of an otherwise benign specimen. This survey also describes the traditional histopathological classification and presents in more detail a new classification based on histological growth patterns. The advantage of classifying in situ cancer according to its growth pattern is that it shows a good correlation with its clinical presentation. Moreover, the growth pattern can indicate the extent of excision. In addition, the method also seems to be applicable to prognosis. The treatment of in situ carcinoma has not been worked out scientifically, so treatment should be kept within the framework of prospective clinical trials. This is the only way to collect useful data about the biological behaviour of such lesions. In several countries large multicentre studies are being conducted to extend our knowledge about carcinoma in situ and to create a rational basis for treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical estrogen receptor determination in paraffin-embedded tissue. Prediction of response to hormonal treatment in advanced breast cancer.

A new immunohistochemical assay using a monoclonal estrogen receptor (ER) antibody (H222, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago) for determination of ER in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was applied to evaluate its clinical value in a group of 145 previously untreated patients with advanced breast cancer. Suitable histologic material was accessible in 137 of these patients, of whom 70% had ER-positive tumors. The ER-positive patients had a significantly longer median overall survival than ER-negative patients (67 versus 32 months, P much less than 0.001) and this was an effect of both a prolonged disease-free interval (27 versus 17 months, P less than 0.05) and a prolonged survival after recurrence (41 versus 15 months, P much less than 0.001). Response to endocrine therapy was obtained in 49% of the patients with ER-positive tumors and in 7% with ER-negative tumors (P much less than 0.001). Relationship between response and semiquantified individual staining features could not be established. It is concluded that ER analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue offers clinically useful information for allocation of patients to endocrine therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phenotypic reconstitution and B-cell function.

In the present report we have attempted to examine immunologic reconstitution following high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). By cell-surface phenotypic analysis, the majority of patients had normal percentage of natural killer cells (NK), monocytes, and CD8+ T cells at one month post-ABMT. In contrast, the percentage of CD4+ T cells was reduced for at least 3 years, and the CD4:CD8 ratio reflected this imbalance. B-cell reconstitution was slightly prolonged, with normal percentage and absolute numbers of CD20+ B cells evident by 3 months. Although B cells returned by 3 months, in vitro assessment of B-cell function demonstrated impairment of proliferative responses to either anti-immunoglobulins bound to beads (anti-Ig), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or interleukin-2 (IL-2) for approximately 1 year and low molecular B-cell growth factor (BCGF) for approximately 2 or more years. Moreover, in vivo B-cell reconstitution demonstrated a more selective defect, with normal levels of immunoglobulin IgM returning at 6 months, IgG at 12 months, and IgA after 2 years. Despite normal numbers of B cells and relative normal levels of Ig early following ABMT, our in vitro data suggest an intrinsic defect in B-cell responsiveness. Moreover, these defects are similar to those observed following nonpurged autologous and allogeneic BMT, although the interval of immune impairment appears more prolonged.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

The function of micF RNA. micF RNA is a major factor in the thermal regulation of OmpF protein in Escherichia coli.

The role of chromosomally derived micF RNA as a repressor of outer membrane protein OmpF of Escherichia coli was examined for various growth conditions. Levels of micF RNA as determined by Northern analyses are found to increase in response to cell growth at high temperature, in high osmolarity or in the presence of ethanol. After a switch to higher growth temperature, the levels of ompF mRNA and of newly synthesized OmpF decrease with time in E. coli strain, MC4100 but these decreases are not observed in isogenic micF deletion strain, SM3001. In addition, while levels of ompF mRNA are substantially reduced in both strains in response to high osmolarity or ethanol at 24 degrees C, the reduced levels in the parental strain are still 4-5-fold lower compared with the micF deletion strain. These findings indicate that chromosomally derived micF RNA plays a major role in the thermal regulation of OmpF and represses OmpF synthesis in response to several environmental signals by decreasing the levels of ompF mRNA. Analyses of the effect of a multicopy micF plasmid on the levels of OmpF and ompF mRNA after an increase in temperature indicated that multicopies of micF RNA markedly inhibited OmpF synthesis but did not accentuate ompF mRNA decrease. These data suggest that multicopy micF inhibits OmpF synthesis primarily through translational inactivation of ompF mRNA and that a limiting factor in addition to micF RNA is necessary to destabilize ompF mRNA.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Association of higher molecular weight ribonucleoproteins of 7 S particle preparations with multimers of transcription factor IIIA.

High molecular weight (HMW) fractions of Xenopus laevis 7 S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle preparations were analyzed for RNA and protein content. RNA/protein ratios, amino acid analyses and Western blots reveal that the major HMW fraction from a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel (band b) contains two molecules of transcription factor protein IIIA (TFIIIA) to one 5 S RNA. Another HMW band appears to contain 4 molecules of TFIIIA to one 5 S RNA. Yet another RNP band (band a) contains 5 S RNA and a protein unrelated to TFIIIA. Thus, native 7 S particle preparations contain 5 S RNA bound to multimeric forms of TFIIIA as well as to an unrelated protein. The presence of additional TFIIIA molecules associated with 7 S particles may have significance in the sequestering of TFIIIA during transcriptional regulation of the 5 S gene.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

[Addiction to drugs and alcohol among physicians and nurses].

A retrospective investigation based on case reports was undertaken concerning abuse of alcohol and drugs among medical staff, 44 doctors and 23 nurses, who were treated in the Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet during the period 1970-1982, all of whom received treatment for more than six months. By the end of 1987, a marked excessive mortality was found and this was greatest among doctors among whom 50% had died with an average age of 45.5 years. Factors which were found to be of significance for the prognosis for duration of survival in this selected material were 1) duration of the abuse of medicine, 2) presence of mixed alcohol and drug abuse and 3) previous suicidal attempts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Testicular function in patients with testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy alone or orchiectomy plus cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Gonadal function was evaluated in 25 patients with metastatic testicular cancer who were treated with orchiectomy plus chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) and in 21 patients with clinical stage I disease who were treated only with orchiectomy and then kept under surveillance. Four years after PVB treatment, none of the patients were azoospermic; after 5 years, the total sperm counts in 46% of the patients had reached their pretreatment levels. In the group under surveillance, sperm counts below the reference level persisted or developed in 55% of the patients. Sperm production was similar in the two groups of patients 1.5 years after treatment and beyond. We conclude that spermatogenesis is not restored in all patients treated with PVB because of both preexisting germ cell defects and treatment toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Germ cell function and hormonal status in patients with testicular cancer.

Sperm counts, serum gonadotropins, and androgen levels were investigated in 39 seminoma patients and 58 patients with a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis after unilateral orchiectomy. In 58% of the patients, the total sperm count was below the lower reference value (80 million). A multiregression analysis demonstrated a correlation between a decreased total sperm count and the following three explanatory variables: (1) an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), (2) a history of chryptorchidism, or (3) a seminomatous tumor. In 42% of the patients, the sperm concentration and the sperm motility met criteria considered sufficient for cryopreservation. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was elevated in 33% of the patients. Androgens (serum testosterone [T] or urine 17-oxy-steroids [17-OS]) were subnormal in 5% of the patients, whereas serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was elevated in 14% of the patients without human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (beta-HCG) in serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Tension pneumoperitoneum].

A case of tension pneumoperitoneum is presented. The importance of immediate intervention is emphasized.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Predictive factors for long-term survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

A total of 107 patients with carcinoma of the ovary were entered in a study combining extensive primary surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Because of evidence supporting the effectiveness of both single agent platinum (P) and the combination of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (CA), patients were treated with alternating cycles of CA and CP. Primary surgery to remove the bulk of tumor to less than 2 cm was possible in 45% of the 85 eligible patients, and an additional 17% had similar surgery after two to four cycles of chemotherapy. Fifteen percent of patients progressed on chemotherapy. Of the 68 who were clinically and radiologically without disease at the completion of chemotherapy, 91% had second-look surgery. Forty-eight percent of these women had residual disease. All patients but one are at risk for greater than 60 months, with a median follow-up of 86 months. Overall 5-year survival is 26%, with a median survival of 33 months. Twenty patients survived over 5 years with 11 continuing to be free of disease (13% of all eligible patients). Patients with modified Broder's grade I,II tumors have not yet reached a median survival. Grade, stage, and primary mass size were the only variables with independent prognostic value in a Cox multivariate analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical determination of the estrogen-regulated protein Mr 24,000 in primary breast cancer and response to endocrine therapy.

Monoclonal antibodies against an estrogen-regulated Mr 24,000 cytosol protein (p24) were used for immunocytochemical localization of p24 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from the primary tumor in 103 patients who received endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer. Sixty-one per cent of the tumors showed p24-positive staining, and this correlated well with the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) (P = 0.00017, chi-square test). Response to endocrine therapy was obtained in 43% of the patients. A statistically significant association between p24 status and response could not be established, while response and ER status were highly correlated (P = 0.0000029, chi-square = 21.6). Discrimination between ER-positive responders and ER-positive non-responders was not possible using p24 staining.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Specificity of mismatch repair following transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with heteroduplex plasmid DNA.

A method is described for genetic detection of mismatch repair products following transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method is based on the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in clonal derivatives of cells transformed with heteroduplex plasmid DNA. Heteroduplex plasmid substrates were constructed by insertion of an oligonucleotide heteroduplex into the coding sequence of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. The plasmid and oligonucleotides were designed so that one strand of the construct would code for a functional beta-galactosidase and the other strand would contain an in-frame nonsense codon. The frequencies of transformed clones containing only Lac+ cells, only Lac- cells, or a mixture of the two Lac phenotypes provided information on the efficiency of the repair reaction. With this method, plasmids carrying single-base substitution mismatches, a single-base frameshift mismatch (T/delta), or a 3-base-pair substitution mismatch (TGA/GAA) were tested. A/C, G/T, G/A, G/G, and T/delta mismatches were repaired with significantly greater efficiencies than C/C, A/A, T/T, and TGA/GAA. T/C was repaired with an intermediate efficiency. The frequencies of products obtained with G/G, G/A, and T/delta mismatches suggested modest inequality of repair in the two possible directions. Strains carrying the repair-deficient pms1-1 mutation were also tested. The efficiencies of repair of A/C, G/T, G/G, and A/A mismatches were reduced in pms1-1 cells compared with wild-type cells. In addition, a change in repair inequality was detected when transformation of the two strains with an A/C mismatch was compared.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1989

An open, noncomparative study of amoxapine in borderline disorders.

Five patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 5 patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) completed at least 3 weeks of treatment with amoxapine. The patients fulfilled DSM-III criteria for borderline disorders and scored 7 points or more in Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB). The final median medication in patients with BPD was 200 mg amoxapine/day and 42 mg oxazepam/day. Duration of treatment averaged 28 days. In patients with SPD the corresponding figures were 250 mg amoxapine/day, 36 mg oxazepam/day and 39 days. The study suggests that amoxapine improves schizophrenic-like and depressive symptoms in patients with schizotypal personality disorders (SPD). No effect could be shown in patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD).

Adult↗