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Biomedical subjects

J Andresen

Publications and source records attributed to J Andresen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Reference values for vertebral heights in Scandinavian females and males.

Vertebral heights were measured on lateral spine radiographs covering T4-L5 in 113 healthy Caucasian volunteers (73 females aged 22-80 years, and 40 males aged 22-79 years). Vertebral heights were significantly higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). In women, a significant correlation was found between the height of T4 and the heights of the other vertebrae with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.71 (T5) to 0.38 (L1) and similar figures were found in males. Both the absolute and relative vertebral heights in this series were close to those reported by others. Selection of subjects and racial, environmental, and technical factors may explain the small differences. It is concluded that vertebral heights can be predicted from vertebrae rarely affected by spinal osteoporosis. Both relative and absolute vertebral heights differed between sexes. Although the reference values in this Scandinavian population were in agreement with previously reported data, small differences between populations were found, emphasizing the need for regional normative data.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of results of a national cholesterol and blood pressure screening with the NHANES II Study: implications for further emphasis on reducing cardiovascular risk among Americans.

A comparison was made of serum total cholesterol and blood pressure levels taken from participants in a voluntary national health screening (N = 257,665) in 1988 with estimates for the general U.S. population from the NHANES II Study (1976-80). Although total serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels in the national health screening may be biased due to a higher proportion of females and whites, curvilinear age-related increases in mean total serum cholesterol (peak years 60-69) of approximately the same proportions among "desirable" to "high" classifications, and similar proportional increases in elevated blood pressure readings across age groups, were found in both the voluntary screening and NHANES II population estimates. Within and between gender-comparisons of total cholesterol and blood pressure measures showed greater risk among participants in the present study. The findings suggest that both blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels in the U.S. may not have decreased appreciably in the past decade, and that continued national, state and local public health efforts to modify behaviors related to hypercholesteremia and hypertension are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An occipito-temporal syndrome in adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia.

The study included 16 adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia (McKusick 26160), of whom six did not require treatment according to conventional criteria. All except the two patients with lowest median serum phenylalanine level throughout childhood (most values at 200-300 mumol/L) had white matter abnormalities detectable with magnetic resonance imaging. The lesions were particularly prominent in the watershed regions between the posterior and middle cerebral arteries. In most patients with moderate or severe hyperphenylalaninaemia frontal white matter lesions were present as well. Normal proton magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the lesions were stable. Occipital EEG abnormalities were frequent, and deficient performance on a pattern-recognition test was a characteristic neuropsychological finding. Serum phenylalanine levels at about 300 mumol/L or below throughout childhood and early adolescence may be required to avoid lesions. The present study demonstrates the limitations of even an optimally controlled dietary regimen in hyperphenylalaninaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of patients with thoracic aortic dissection by intraarterial digital subtraction angiography.

In 17 patients (mean age 60 years) a thoracic aortic dissection could be revealed by intraarterial digital subtraction angiography with exact delineatin of the proximal and distal extent. Furthermore a visualisation of the true and false lumen and hereby especially the blood flow and its direction in the false lumen could be made. The disclosure of the intimal flap could be seen in patients with flow in both channels, separating the true and the false lumen. In 4 patients the entry could be seen sharply as a hole, but not corresponding to the proximal extent. In 11 patients the entry was seen over a longer area and in 2 patients neither entry nor reentry could be seen. The most distal part of the intimal flap might correspond to the reentry. One anonymous artery, five renal arteries and one coeliac trunc were involved by the dissection. The exact anatomical and pathophysiological nature of the dissection made it possible to decide whether or not the patients should be operated upon and if so, what kind of operation should be chosen.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1991

The effects of ethanol, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lung antibacterial defenses.

In summary, evidence is emerging indicating that alcohol-abusing hosts are seriously undermined by profound disturbances in cytokine production and activity. These alterations likely play a critical role in the development and clinical sequelae of their immunosuppressed status. Recombinant technology currently provides the clinician with the potential to immunologically reconstitute and restore host defenses in these hosts. While the ultimate role of these agents in patients will require extensive clinical investigations into their multiple biologic effects and interactions, cytokines, when properly employed, will likely have a major impact on the prevention and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. For the first time, we possess the potential to regulate essential functions of the host defense system which may prevent the development and mitigate the severity of infections in these and other immunocompromised hosts.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances pulmonary host defenses in normal and ethanol-treated rats.

Ethanol suppresses functions of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL), seriously compromising normal host defenses against pneumonia. Because granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) augments the number and function of PMNL, the effect of G-CSF on the antibacterial defenses of the lung in normal and acutely intoxicated rats was studied. Animals received G-CSF or vehicle twice a day for 2 days, then ethanol or saline, followed by challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae elicited an intrapulmonary influx of PMNL in control rats that was markedly suppressed by prior ethanol administration. G-CSF augmented the recruitment of PMNL into the lungs of control rats and significantly attenuated the adverse effects of ethanol on PMNL entry into the lung. G-CSF enhanced intrapulmonary bactericidal activity against this pathogen in normal and ethanol-treated rats. All intoxicated rats pretreated with the vehicle died, while greater than 90% of rats pretreated with G-CSF survived. These findings suggest a potential role for G-CSF in mitigating the adverse effects of ethanol on PMNL delivery and pulmonary host defenses.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

No persistent effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in Milan hypertensive rats despite regression of vascular structure.

Milan hypertensive rats were treated, from ages 4 to 24 weeks, with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, perindopril, in doses of 1.5 mg/kg per day or 0.4 mg/kg per day. Controls were untreated Milan hypertensive rats. At age 24 weeks, a mesenteric biopsy was taken, from which two resistance vessels were taken out and mounted on a myograph for structural and functional analysis. Thereafter, treatment was withdrawn and the blood pressure of the rats was followed until age 36 weeks. Perindopril treatment had a dose-dependent effect on blood pressure as well as on both structural (media thickness, media: lumen ratio) and functional (estimated pressure against which vessels could contract) parameters of the resistance vessels. However, when treatment was withdrawn, blood pressure rose to (low-dose perindopril group) or above (high-dose perindopril group) control levels. The results contrast with previous studies using spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) where, using the same protocol, blood pressure remains low after withdrawal of treatment with ACE inhibitors, including perindopril, although the effect on resistance vessel parameters is similar. The results show that the persistent effect of ACE inhibitor therapy which has been seen in SHR is not a general feature of genetic hypertension. Furthermore, these results raise doubts as to whether the persistent effect seen in SHR is due to a general effect of ACE inhibitor treatment on vascular structure.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies monospecific for bovine alpha-casein and beta-casein.

Two monoclonal antibodies monospecific for bovine alpha s1-casein, which recognize three genetic variants of alpha s1-casein, have been isolated and their binding properties characterized. Antibodies 57-115 and 57-310 recognize different antigenic determinants on the alpha s1 protein with affinity constants of 1.63 x 10(11) and 2.13 x 10(11) M-1, respectively. Five monoclonal antibodies, 58-409, 58-416, 58-488, 58-504, and 58-557, monospecific for bovine beta-casein with affinity constants greater than 10(9) M-1, which recognize a similar epitope(s) also were isolated. All seven antibodies are of isotype IgG1 and recognize both the denatured and undenatured forms of their antigen, making them suitable for qualitative and quantitative radioimmunoassay.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The application of digital subtraction angiography in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency and suspicion of stenosis/occlusion of the superficial femoral artery: intravenous or intra-arterial?].

36 patients with clinical signs of lower limb ischaemia and suspected stenosis/occlusion of the superficial femoral artery were investigated prospectively and randomly by either intravenous (i.v.) or intraarterial (i.a.) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to evaluate which of the two modalities might be chosen as a routine examination. In 4 patients from the i.v. group a supplementary i.a. examination had to be performed due to insufficient visualisation of the crural arteries, caused by long occlusions of the femoropopliteal segment.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Cognitive development in offspring of untreated and preconceptionally treated maternal phenylketonuria.

A survey is given of literature reports on the effect of performance in offspring from 26 maternal PKU pregnancies treated prior to conception. The survey includes two women who were referred to us for genetic counselling because they had both given birth to microcephalic, mentally retarded children. The women were discovered to suffer from unrecognized maternal PKU with fasting phenylalanine concentration of 1.1-1.5 mmol/L. A strict diet was introduced prior to planned pregnancy and after some months on diet (phenylalanine concentrations less than 0.6 mmol/L) they became pregnant again. Serum phenylalanine levels were monitored weekly throughout pregnancy, and adjustments in the diet were made to keep serum phenylalanine concentration within the range of 0.18-0.42 mmol/L. The outcome of the pregnancies were healthy children who have developed normally. Their IQs are 105 and 119 at ten and four years of age, respectively and their head circumferences are normal. Our data show that the effect of preconceptional dietary treatment was children with a normal performance, contrary to their older siblings born following untreated pregnancies. These results are in agreement with the survey of ten years' promising experiences with preconceptional treatment in maternal PKU. The data may help to motivate young PKU women to accept planned pregnancies and to encourage them to return to the strict diet, which has prevented them from being retarded.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Biochemical and clinical effects of tyrosine and tryptophan in the Rett syndrome.

In the Rett syndrome (RS), a progressive encephalopathy affecting girls, deficient neurotransmitter synthesis has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism. Nine girls with RS were treated with 0.3 g of tyrosine and 0.1 g of tryptophan per kg body weight for 2 to 17 weeks. This resulted in a median rise in the spinal fluid concentration of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid by 31%, and of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by 40%. This finding supports the hypothesis of a compromised neurotransmitter synthesis and indicates that it can be stimulated by supply of amino acid precursors. A double-blind cross-over trial including 11 girls did not show clinical improvement during a treatment period of 8 to 10 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hematologic effects of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the peripheral blood and bone marrow.

Recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was noted to support rat bone marrow colony formation in vitro. The in vivo hematologic effects of a single intravenous injection of murine GM-CSF were therefore investigated. Doses of murine GM-CSF between 0.1 and 5 micrograms/rat caused an increasing leukocytosis that did not further increase with a dose of 25 micrograms/rat. In contrast, human GM-CSF at 25 micrograms/rat did not induce any significant peripheral hematologic effects. Murine GM-CSF induced peripheral neutrophilia and monocytosis, peaking between 4 and 8 hours and subsiding to baseline by 12 hours. Neutropenia and monocytopenia, which reached a nadir at 15 minutes, preceded the leukocytosis, suggesting that GM-CSF activates these leukocytes and causes transient intravascular margination. A mild lymphopenia occurred between 2 to 8 hours. The bone marrow at 6 hours after injection of GM-CSF demonstrated a variable and slight left-shifted myeloid hyperplasia most noticeable at the level of promyelocytes and myelocytes, suggesting a myeloproliferative effect. The marrow at 6 hours also demonstrated a decrease in mature neutrophils, documenting that the marrow contributes to the increased number of circulating neutrophils. Once-daily injection of GM-CSF for 7 days induced a repetitive daily neutrophilia of the same magnitude. The marrow after 1 week of injections did not show a generalized myeloid hyperplasia, but did show an increase in eosinophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been reported to synergize in vitro in both mouse and human bone marrow colony assays. However GM-CSF plus G-CSF in vivo, administered as either a single injection or as daily injections for 1 week, were found in the present study to induce, at most, an additive effect on circulating numbers of neutrophils. It is concluded that murine GM-CSF will be useful in the rat model to study the in vivo hematoreconstitutive effects of GM-CSF alone and in combination with other hematologic growth factors. The relatively rapid kinetics and lesser magnitude of GM-CSF-induced neutrophilia and monocytosis, as compared to G-CSF and M-CSF, respectively, and the lesser myeloproliferative effect of GM-CSF in bone marrow smears, as compared to G-CSF, might be taken to suggest that GM-CSF's natural activity is predominantly as an inflammatory rather than a myeloproliferative factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A retrospective study of bone changes in adults treated with etretinate.

Ninety patients aged 17 to 80 years were treated with etretinate for disorders of keratinization and were studied for bone changes. The treatment lasted from 0.1 to 7.9 years, mean 2.4 years. The average dosage of etretinate was 0.57 mg/kg/day (range 0.21 to 1.32 mg/kg/day), and the total dose was 31 gm (range 1 to 197 gm). Standard radiographs of the axial and peripheral skeleton were evaluated. The films of 44 patients showed skeletal abnormalities such as periosteal thickening, hyperostosis of the vertebral column, disk degeneration, osteoporosis, calcification of the spinal ligaments, and slender long bones. The present data indicate that the risk of skeletal disorders in adults treated with etretinate is significant (44 of 90), but that the severity of changes is minor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The use of digital subtraction angiography/phlebography in pediatrics].

In a retrospective analysis of fourteen digital subtraction angiographies and phlebographies on 12 children during the last 18 months the diagnostic accuracy and safety were evaluated. Accurate diagnosis was possible in all cases and no complications occurred. The subtraction procedure most likely could not be replaced by other modes of investigation. It is superior to conventional angiography and phlebography and can be performed quickly and safely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral infarction associated with cocaine use.

We report the case of a young man with an acute infarction of the left putamen and caudate nucleus, whose symptoms appeared six hours after intranasal use of approximately 0.5 g of cocaine hydrochloride. It seems probably that in this patient cocaine consumption played a role in the development of stroke.

Adult↗