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Biomedical subjects

J Angst

Publications and source records attributed to J Angst.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Aspects of the course of bipolar manic-depressive, schizo-affective, and paranoid schizophrenic psychoses.

The study deals with the course of three diagnostic groups, namely 50 bipolar manic-depressive, 50 bipolar and manic schizo-affective, and 50 recurrent paranoid psychoses. The patients course was observed over 14-17 years, at least 5 years prospectively. The study concentrates mainly on the prognosis based on the symptomatology observed during the first episode, the stability of the symptoms over several episodes, the residual symptomatology, and the degree of remission during the intervals. Bipolar and schizo-affective psychoses show a similar periodicity. The study further reveals that the periodicity of schizo-affective disorders is mainly linked with the affective symptoms of this disorder. Qualitatively the residual symptoms of bipolar and schizo-affective psychoses differ. Bipolar and phasic paranoid psychoses are quite different with regard to their periodicity and their symptomatology during the episodes and during the intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A prospective epidemiological study of psychosomatic and psychiatric syndromes in young adults.

A prospective epidemiological field study of psychosomatic syndromes among 600 young adults in Zurich, Switzerland, is presented. During a period of 3 years, the respondents completed two questionnaires and were once personally interviewed about their psychosomatic and psychological syndromes in the 12 months prior to the inquiring dates. This communication concentrates on the results of the first questionnaire and the personal interview. The anamnestic data as well as the information about the frequency and duration of a number of psychosomatic syndromes serve to formulate a prognosis about the future course of these syndromes. This prognosis will then be compared with the results of the second follow-up consisting of the second questionnaire.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

[Sociocultural aspects of depression. Results of an epidemiologic study of young adults in Zurich].

In a general population sample of young adults the sociocultural aspects of the depressive syndrome are investigated. In the context of a theory of social integration the association of depression with the material resources, with social belonging and with self realisation are analysed. There are marked correlations with the perceived fulfillment of basic social needs. The correlations with the structural prerequisites for social integration, however, are much weaker.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Determinants of success in the treatment of smokers with the Hermano therapy (author's transl)].

In 1973, 532 persons desiring to quit smoking and seeking the Hermano therapy of chirothesia were questioned prior to the ritual treatment session. Typical smoking behavior, social background, and personality tests were documented. At intervals of 4 months, 1 year, and 5 years after treatment the group was examined with a follow-up questionnaire. In two earlier studies Gmür evaluated the results of this treatment after 1 year and analyzed in detail the various factors which influence these results. The present paper investigates the determinations for success with a follow-up study 5 years after treatment. The analysis show that the treatment was seldom successful for persons with an accentuated addiction-like smoking behavior. There were no findings proving a correlation between personality pattern and/or sociodemographic data and treatment success. No criteria was found to suggest indications for the successful application of the Hermano therapy.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1981

[Social consequences of psychic disturbances in the population: a field study on young adults (author's transl)].

In epidemiological surveys about neurotic and psychosomatic disturbances there is the question of how relevant the reported syndromes are. An important criterion to evaluate the relevance of a syndrome is its individual and social consequences. In a general population sample of 600 young adults in the Canton of Zurich (Switzerland), subjects answered a structured interview (SPIKE) about 25 different neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes and their consequences: personal suffering, imparied role performance, tendency to become chronic, and medical treatment. A number of neurotic syndromes (especially depression, anxiety, and exhaustion) ranked highest with regard to individual suffering and impaired role performance, but they rarely led to medical treatment. Psychosomatic syndromes, on the other hand, while treated more often, only caused minor personal suffering and did not impair role performance very much.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Classification of depression.

Depression is an aetiologically unspecific reaction pattern of the human organism to psychological or physical changes. It can occur in all forms of psychiatric disorders. The depressive symptomatology in itself does not allow a valid classification. Nosology must take into account aetiology, pathogenesis, and the course. The former two are mostly unknown. Considering the restricted value of all classifications of depressive syndromes the concepts must be validated by external criteria (e.g. genetic, biochemical, neurophysiological criteria, and response to treatment). In this paper a classification based on the course and genetic criteria of depression is proposed. In a preliminary study the clinical diagnoses of 100 depressive patients are compared with the classification based on diagnostic criteria of Feighner et al., Taylor and Abrams, as well as on DSM-III.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Unsolved problems in the indications for lithium prophylaxis in affective and schizoaffective disorders].

The validity of various criteria for a prophylactic lithium indication was examined by means of the natural course of 356 unipolar depressive, bipolar manic-depressive, and schizoaffective patients. The prerequisite for a lithium prophylaxis was the occurrence of two or more episodes (excluding the index episode) within a 5-year's follow-up. The so far applied criteria for a lithium indication mentioned in the literature have proven to be too restrictive as far as this study is concerned, as the majority of the patients in need of lithium have been excluded from such a treatment. In this study new criteria have been deduced from the hypothetical examination of observed courses.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1980

Course of schizoaffective psychoses: results of a followup study.

The course of illness was investigated retrospectively and prospectively in a sample of 150 hospitalized schizoaffective patients and 95 hospitalized bipolar manic-depressive patients. The two disorders showed more similarities than differences in their course; this was true for the age of onset (31.8 versus 34.7 years) and the length of illness until the end of the observation period (22.5 versus 23.8 years). Schizoaffective disorders took a more benign course than bipolar disorders, as measured by the frequency of the episodes (median 7 versus 9 episodes). Accordingly, periods of remission between episodes were longer in schizoaffective patients. The length of the episodes themselves was about the same in both disorders (median 3 months). Although subjects had reached an average age of 60 years, 63% of schizoaffective and 82% of bipolar patients had experienced new episodes during the last 5 years of the observation period. Patients with schizoaffective psychoses were less likely to achieve a full remission than patients with bipolar disorders. A residual state was observed in 57% of schizoaffective and 24% of bipolar patients during the intervals between episodes. Because both schizoaffective and bipolar disorders showed a highly recurrent course, many patients received long-term treatment with neuroleptic drugs, antidepressants, or lithium.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1980

An immunological basis of schizophrenia and affective disorders?

In 48 patients with schizophrenia and 32 patients with affective disorders, different immune parameters were tested. Compared to blood-donors, IgG and IgM serum concentrations were increased in both the schizophrenic and affective disorders. However, these abnormalities did not differ from hospital control populations. The patients failed to show an association of antibodies considered to be characteristic of autoimmune diseases. In addition, no increased incidence of circulating immune compexes was detected. The only substantial serologic abnormality froun was an elevation of C4 levels in patients with biopolar psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Development of narcotics consumption in adolescents 19 and 20 years old. A comparison in the canton of Zurich 1971, 1974 and 1978].

In 1971, 1974 and 1978 representative samples of 19/20-year-old males and females in the Canton of Zurich (Switzerland) answered identical questionnaires on consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. It was thus possible to analyze changes in consumption habits for alcohol, tobacco and drugs by young adults. Consumption patterns changed differently for males and females, with a tendency for females to approach the same levels as males. The number of persons who had been drunk at least once nearly doubled; among men to 68% (as compared to 41% in 1971) and among females to 44% (21%). However, the number of heavy alcohol consumers did not change greatly. The number of cigarette smoking males decreased markedly to 42% (compared to 55%) and is now similar to that of females (43%/41%). The consumption of drugs did not change strikingly. The number of females consuming marijuana increased slightly from 13% to 17%, whereas that of males decreased slightly to 20% (23%). This can be explained by the lower proportion of males with only 1--10 marijuana experiences. The social context of drug consumption shows greater changes than the mere number of consumers: the age of the first drug experience is now considerably lower while differences in drug contact by region or by social strata show a tendency to disappear, with the sole exception of persons without occupational training who now show extremely high drug experiences. It is therefore assumed that drug consumption is no longer a means of self-experience but rather a form of evasive behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Risk factors for heavy cigarette smoking in young men: a longitudinal study].

In a three-year follow-up on 841 males questioned at the age of 19 and 22 years, an attempt has been made to determine the characteristics of social situation and personality which are correlated with constant heavy cigarette consumption, and what other risk factors are also involved. Bivariate analyses, multiple regression, and path analysis revealed the following influencing factors: personality traits such as nervousness and extraversion, low social integration, low assessment of the subject's own health situation, loose ties with parents, lower school level, increased alcohol and cannabis consumption. No correlation was found with religion, social status of parents, masculinity, blood group or rhesus factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Suicide and endogenous psychosis].

The frequency of suicide among a population of 675 patients with functional psychoses, within a period of observation between 9 and 24 years, was 5.5%. Suicide was the cause of death in 25.6% of all lethal outcomes. The suicide frequency of schizophrenics was 1.4%, of the bipolar cases 2.4% of the monopolar depressives 10.4%. The frequency of suicide of the parents and sibs of schizophrenics was 1.3%, of schizoaffectives 3.8%, monopolar depressives 4.2%, bipolar affective psychotics 4.3%. There was no sex difference in regard to suicide frequency but in regard to the choice of suicide means (strangulation in male, poisoning and submersion in female relatives).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Schizoaffective disorders. Results of a genetic investigation, I.

1004 first degree relatives fo 150 schizoaffective patients (41 males, 109 females) were studied and a total morbidity risk of 29.6% of schizoaffective spectrum disorders were found. The relatives show an increased morbidity risk for schizophrenia (5.26%) and affective disorder (6.55%) with a high incidence of catatonia and unipolar depression; schizoaffective secondary cases were only found in 3%. There is no significant difference in morbidity between parents, siblings and children. The morbidity risk of neuroses is 5.3%, for personality disorders 7.2% and for suicides without spectrum diagnosis 1.8%. Off-spring of affected parents show a morbidity risk twice as high as that of off-spring of non-affected parents. The findings do not support the present concept of the ICD (International Classification of Disorders) of WHO, which subsumes schizoaffective disorders under the major rubric of schizophrenia. From a genetic viewpoint schizoaffective disorder takes an intermediate position between schizophrenia and affective disorders. None of the present hypotheses of the mode of inheritance is supported by the findings.

Adolescent↗