PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Awaya

Publications and source records attributed to J Awaya.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A new alkaloid AM-2282 OF Streptomyces origin. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and preliminary characterization.

AM-2282, a new alkaloid has been isolated from cultures of Streptomyces sp. AM-2282 by solvent extraction and silica gel chromatography. The compound exhibits a strong absorption maximum at 292 nm and shows antimicrobial activity against fungi and yeast. The LD50 of its hydrochloride (i.p. in mice) is 6.6 mg/kg. The molecular formula of AM-2282 has been determined as C28H26N4O3. The producing strain, AM-2282 was classified as a new species and the name, Streptomyces staurosporeus AWAYA, TAKAHASHI and OMURA, nov. sp. is proposed.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1977

New antitumor antibiotics, OS-4742 A1, A2, B1 and B2 produced by a strain of Streptomyces.

New antibiotics, OS-4742 A1, A2, B1 and B2, were isolated from the culture broth of the strain OS-4742, which was designated as Streptomyces matensis subsp. vineus. These compounds have anthracycline chromophores and sugar moieties, but do not contain nitrogen. They possess antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and antitumor activities against S-180 solid tumor on mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and structure of an extracellular polysaccharide from streptomyces sp. FERM-P1185.

A streptomycete strain (FERM-P1185), isolated from soil, secreted a slime on glucose-asparagine agar, and produced viscous growth in liquid media containing peptone as nitrogen source. A purified polysaccharide isolated from the culture broth was composed of glucose and mannose units (molar ratio 1-87:1). Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, infrared and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that this mannoglucan had a linear structure consisting of alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,4-linked glucopyranose and mannopyranose units.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of sporulation by cerulenin and its reversion by exogenous fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae G2-2 was inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin which is known to be a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and sterol synthesis. This inhibition was reversed by various fatty acids, especially by oleic acid (C(18:1)) and pentadecanoic acid (C(15:0)). Ergosterol showed only slight reversibility of this inhibition. When cerulenin was added to the sporulation medium later than 12 h after the start of incubation, the marked inhibition disappeared. When the fatty acid fraction extracted from the sporulated yeasts was added to the cells pretreated with cerulenin for more than 6 h, sporulation became evident 6 h after the fatty acid fraction addition. Therefore, sufficient synthesis of fatty acids required for sporulation was assumed to occur during the first 6 h in phase I of yeast sporulation.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1975

Substitution of cellular fatty acids in yeast cells by the antibiotic cerulenin and exogenous fatty acids.

Cell growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 12341 inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and sterol syntheses, was reversed by various exogenous fatty acids. Myristic acid (14 : 0), pentadecanoic acid (15 : 0), palmitic acid (16 : 0), and oleic acid (18 : 1) reversed effectively the growth inhibition by cerulenin. When these cells were reversed by adding pentadecanoic acid, over 90% of native even-numbered fatty acids was substituted by odd-numbered fatty acids. Those in the cells reversed by adding oleic acid were almost all unsaturated fatty acids. Cerulenin did not inhibit either elongation or desaturation systems in S. cerevisiae.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of 6-methylsalicyclic acid synthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin.

Cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthetase [EC 2.3.1.41] and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase [EC 4.1.3.5], was studied to determine whether it inhibits 6-methylsalicylic acid synthesis, in which so-called "polyketide" formation, a condensation step similar to that in fatty acid synthesis, is involved. In fact, 100 mug/ml (4.5 X 10(-4) M) of cerulenin inhibited 60% of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase activity and 68% of fatty acid synthetase activity of Penicillium urticae.

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase↗
PubMed1975

Nanaomycins, new antibiotics produced by a strain of Streptomyces. I. Taxonomy, isolation, characterization and biological properties.

Nanomycins are new antibiotics produced by the strain OS-3966 which was designated Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis. Nanomycins A and B were isolated from the culture filtrate by extraction with organic solvent and silica gel chromatography. The physical and chemical properties suggest that nanaomycins A and B are quinone-related compounds having the molecular formulae, C16H14O6 and C16H16O7, respectively. Nanaomycins A and B inhibit mainly mycoplasmas, fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. The acute toxicities (LD50, ip) of nanaomycins A and B in mice are 28.2 and 169 mg/kg, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Relationship between the structures of fatty acid amide derivatives and their antimicrobial activities.

The structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the antibiotic cerulenin were investigated by chemically modifying dodecanoic acid, its skeletal back-bone. The dimethylamide derivatives were active against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and fungi. Among the compounds having modified groups at positions C2 and C4, the most active were those with a carbonyl group at C4 and a double bond at C2. The dimethylamide and pyrrolidine amide derivatives of this structure type were the most active. Activity against bacteria and yeast increased with the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton, with the maximum activity being observed at C=12. No significant differences in activity against fungi were observed with change in chain length.

Amides↗
PubMed1974

Mechanism of action of CM-55, a synthetic analogue of the antilipogenic antibiotic cerulenin.

CM-55 is a synthetic analogue of the antibiotic cerulenin with the chemical structure of 2, 3-dodecenyl-4-oxo-dimethyl amide. This compound inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 12341 and inhibited protein and lipid synthesis by 91 and 95%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 mug/ml (2.1 x 10(-4) M). The inhibition of protein synthesis was associated with the partial reduction of ribonucleic acid synthesis and leucine transport. The mechanism of inhibition of lipid synthesis was further investigated in a cell-free extract of the yeast. CM-55 inhibited the incorporation of [(14)C]acetyl Coenzyme A (CoA) into both fatty acid (FAF) and non-saponifiable fractions (NSF). However, it did not inhibit [(14)C]malonyl CoA incorporation into FAF and only slightly inhibited [(14)C]mevalonate incorporation into NSF. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase was inhibited more strongly than the incorporation of [(14)C]3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA into NSF; this could account for the CM-55 inhibition of [(14)C]acetyl CoA incorporation into NSF.

Acetates↗