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Biomedical subjects

J Azar

Publications and source records attributed to J Azar.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Veterinary medicine of the GDR in strained relations between technical instructions and political guidelines].

The development of Veterinary Medicine in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany and the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) is sketched in highlights. After the collectivization of agriculture (1960) a centralistically controlled national veterinary system was established. It was suited to the requirements of the industrially organized animal production. The successive classification of socialistic veterinary administration was associated with the following matters: the extension of veterinary subject matters, a vertical division of work with the aid of newly created technical veterinary professions, and a penetration of the profession with political guidelines. As the professional level of the veterinary system in the GDR was relatively high the reflection in retrospective needs to be evaluated in a differentiated way considering the textual and social conditions. In spite of centralism and indoctrination the veterinary system remained professionally autonomous with islands of political independence, which sustained the identity of this profession. The latter formed the base for self renewal of the East German veterinary system at the end of the socialistic area 1989/1990.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of systematic versus selective screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a high-risk dermatology ward.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two strategies for screening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in a high-risk dermatology ward: systematic screening of all admitted patients versus selective screening of patients at risk. DESIGN: The two strategies were applied prospectively during two consecutive periods. In period A (8.5 months), only patients transferred from other wards, or with a history of prior hospitalization, or presenting chronic wounds or disease with denuded skin were considered at high risk of MRSA carriage and sampled. In period B (7.5 months), all admitted patients were systematically screened. End-points were the number of patients having a MRSA-positive screening sample on admission during period B and having none of the risk factors used in period A, the rate of imported MRSA cases, and the rate of acquired cases. SETTING: A 1,032-bed university hospital with a 19-bed inpatient dermatology ward, a referral center for toxic epidermal necrolysis and severe extensive dermatoses. PATIENTS: The study included 729 dermatology inpatients (370 in period A and 359 in period B). RESULTS: During period A, screening samples were obtained on admission for 30% of patients (77% of the patients at risk) and identified 25 MRSA carriers. During period B, 90.5% of admitted patients were screened, and 26 MRSA carriers were detected on admission; all of these patients belonged to at least one predefined category at risk for carriage. Overall rates of imported and acquired cases were similar between the two periods (6.8% vs 7.5%, and 2.9% vs 2.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A screening strategy targeted to patients at risk of harboring MRSA has similar sensitivity and is more cost-effective than a strategy of systematic screening to identify MRSA carriers on admission.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1999

[Pilotropic T-cell lymphoma without mucinosis: 5 new cases].

BACKGROUND: Pilotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas without mucinosis are rare, with 27 cases previously reported. Diagnosis and classification may be difficult. The clinical course and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in 5 patients are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were selected from the register of the French Study Group for cutaneous lymphomas. The criteria for inclusion were clinical pilofollicular manifestations and histological features of pilotropic T-cell lymphoma without mucinosis. RESULTS: Five patients were selected. The most frequent clinical manifestations were follicular keratosis, alopecia and follicular papules. Typical lesions of mycosis fongoides were present for several years in 3 patients, and lymphomatoid papulosis preexisted in one patient. Histopathological analysis showed an infiltrate composed of CD3+ and CD4+ atypical lymphocytes involving the follicular epithelium with alteration of the hair follicle walls. Epidermotropism was associated with pilotropism and situated near the follicular lesions or farther apart. Alcian blue stains results were negative in all specimens. PCR studies showed the presence of a T-cell clone in the skin lesions in all cases. COMMENTS: Diagnosis of pilotropic cutaneous T cell lymphomas without mucinosis may be difficult in case of discrete epidermotropism, minimal infiltrate or involvement of the follicular epithelium. Pilotropism could define a particular variant of T-cell lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Foreign bodies of the respiratory tract in children. A retrospective study of 100 cases].

Foreign body inhalation is a universal problem, most common cause of death from domestic accident in children aged five years and less. Over 15 years, one hundred children aged less than six years were evaluated in Hotel Dieu de France; findings are comparable to previous data, with one avoidable death; boys are chiefly concerned (64%); mean age is 22.5 months; circumstances are often hazy (65%); vegetables are prominently responsible (90%) especially peanuts and pistachios (48%); foreign bodies are seldom radiopaque (1%); autumnal predominance is noted. Inhalation is not reported in 25% of cases; immediate risk is subglottic impaction; the child survives if the foreign body is expelled one way or another. The most frequent site is the bronchial system (87%) with a slight right predominance (49%); symptoms include: dyspnea, persistent cough, and, in case of bronchial obstruction: wheezing and asymmetry of breath sounds; 15% of children are free of symptoms. Delay before hospital care is long (21.5 days), mostly because diagnosis is misread particularly in case of bronchial foreign body; pulmonary distension is a frequent finding (45%). In case of asphyxia, first aid resuscitation is performed immediately: in fact it is rarely useful, sometimes harmful. Extraction is mandatory with the stiff bronchoscope; otherwise, bronchopulmonary infection and destruction is the usual outcome ... (25%). Management is revisited, and prevention is recalled.

Age Factors↗