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Biomedical subjects

J B APPEL

Publications and source records attributed to J B APPEL.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1963

Punishment and shock intensity.

The degree of suppression of on-going, food-motivated behavior induced by punishing electric shock was exponentially related to the intensity of the aversive stimulus. No evidence for recovery from these effects during punishment sessions was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Aversive aspects of a schedule of positive reinforcement.

Six male White Carneaux pigeons were trained to peck at one of two keys to obtain food on several fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Concurrently, the first response on a second key could, I-change the conditions of visual stimulation and remove the food reinforcement contingency, II-change the conditions of stimulation and have no effect upon the reinforcement contingency, or III-do nothing. The second response on the stimulus change key always restored baseline conditions. When second-key responses produced a stimulus change, the number of such responses was a function of the ratio value on the first key. Typically, second-key responses occurred before the start of fixed-ratio runs. The duration of stimulus change periods was an exponential function of the number of responses required for reinforcement when the possibility for reinforcement was not disturbed by periods of stimulus change (Condition II).

Animals↗
PubMed1962

The effect of drugs on a fixed-ratio performance suppressed by a pre-time-out stimulus.

Pecking was reinforced by a fixed-ratio schedule with food, and responses during a red light produced a time out. If the bird did not respond during the red light, the light terminated and the bird could complete the FR schedule of positive reinforcement uninterrupted. The bird stopped responding during the red light sufficiently to avoid most of the possible time outs. In general, the pre-time-out stimulus suppressed responding more when the FR schedule was large than when it was small. The occurrence of the pre-time-out stimulus in the fixed ratio produced FR strain and extreme curvature atypical of normal fixed ratios of this size. Amobarbital, pentobarbital, chlorpromazine, and d-amphetamine injected when the FR performance was strained by the pre-time-out procedure produced marked increases in responding. The drug administration lowered the rate of responding only at larger doses; and then this occurred predominantly just after the injection.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1961

Punishment in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciurea.

Punishment has been found not only to suppress the rate of a foodmaintained operant response in the squirrel monkey under conditions of high deprivation but to inhibit the emission of that response for 50 days (400 hours) after the punishment has been withdrawn.

Animals↗