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Biomedical subjects

J B Alavi

Publications and source records attributed to J B Alavi.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Evaluation of infection in neutropenic patients with indium-111-labeled donor granulocytes.

Donor granulocytes, obtained by filtration leukophoresis, were labeled with In-111-oxine and injected into seven severely neutropenic patients. All patients were febrile, and presumed to have infection, although infection was eventually proved in only five. Excellent demonstration of infection was achieved in two patients, and fair localization in one. One negative scan became positive when repeated with sedimentation-derived cells from a different donor. This method may be useful in detecting infections in neutropenic patients.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

A randomized clinical trial of granulocyte transfusions for infection in acute leukemia.

In a prospective, controlled, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of filtration-leukapheresis granulocytes in granulocytopenic, febrile patients with leukemia, 19 patients received antibiotics alone, and 12 received antibiotics plus daily granulocyte transfusions from ABO-matched donors. In skin-chamber studies the granulocytes appeared at sites of inflammation for at least six hours after transfusion. Infected subjects survived longer if they received granulocytes. Differences between control and transfused patients were greatest in patients with persistent bone-marrow failure, the 21-day survival being 20 per cent in controls, and 75 per cent in transfused patients. Granulocytes appeared to have no effect on the outcome of febrile episodes in which infection was not documented, the 21-day survival being 79 per cent for controls and 88 per cent for transfused patients. The transfusion of granulocytes thus appears to offer a survival advantage to infected, persistently granulocytopenic patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Human bone marrow lymphocytes: B and T cell precursors and subpopulations.

Characterization of the different lymphocyte populations in normal human bone marrow (BM) was attempted and compared to that in the peripheral blood (PB). B cells comprised 34% +/- 11% of lymphocytes in BM and 23% +/- 9% in PB. The majority of B cells carried IgM in BM and IgG in the PB. In the BM, cells carrying complement or Fc receptors were fewer than cells carrying Ig, but in the PB they were equal. T cells comprised 6% +/- 4% of lymphocytes in the BM and 62% +/- 7% in the PB. The majority of BM lymphocytes did not have B or T cell markers; these probably included B and T cell precursors. BM lymphocytes carrying surface Ig increased in a 7-day culture, whereas those of the PB decreased. Pokeweed mitogen induced Ig synthesis in B cells of PB but not those of BM. BM-T cells were more efficient than PB-T cells in inhibiting Ig synthesis of PB-B cells. These results indicate that the BM compartment contains immature B cells that are capable of partial differentiation and maturation in vitro. BM-B lymphocytes are probably not involved in the effector phase of the immune response since they are unable to synthesize Ig and because they carry few receptors for complement of Fc, BM-T lymphocytes are very few and have suppressor capability and therefore may play an essential role in regulation of Ig synthesis by B cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Response to granulocyte transfusions in the alloimmunized patient.

The effect of alloimmunization to white blood cells upon patients receiving granulocyte transfusions was studied. Eighteen episodes of sepsis associated with neutropenia were treated with 149 granulocyte transfusions. All products were crossmatched using a recent patient serum. Each serum was tested for granulocyte-specific antibody using the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test (GIIFT), and for HLA antibody, using the standard NIH lymphocytotoxicity assay. In 14 episodes of sepsis treated with 114 granulocyte transfusions, the transfusions were discontinued because there was evidence of control of infection, with and without bone marrow recovery. In this group, four per cent of all transfusions were incompatible by the GIIFT and six per cent by lymphocytotoxicity. During four episodes of sepsis treated with 35 granulocyte transfusions, blood cultures remained positive and the product was discontinued because of death. In this group, 31 per cent of all transfusions were incompatible by the GIIFT and 6 per cent by lymphocytotoxicity. The unfavorable outcome in patients with granulocyte antibodies suggests that these antibodies have an adverse effect upon the function of the transfused granulocyte.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Granulocyte transfusions and outcome of alloimmunized patients with gram-negative sepsis.

The effect of white cell alloimmunization on patient outcome during gram-negative sepsis treated with granulocyte transfusions was studied. Twenty-five episodes of sepsis were observed; 19 were associated with resolution of sepsis and six with continuing sepsis and death. Compatibility testing included the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test and the lymphocytotoxicity assay. The number of compatible and incompatible granulocyte transfusions determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test compared with patient outcome was significant (X2 = 44, p less than 0.001). The same comparison with the lymphocytotoxicity assay was not significant (X2 = 3, p greater than 0.05). The duration of the granulocytopenia after the first positive blood culture was 10 days or longer in 13 patients, and 12 of the 13 survived. The duration of the granulocytopenia was less than 10 days in 12 patients, and five of the six deaths occurred in this group. These five patients died without evidence of bone marrow recovery and with persistent gram-negative sepsis. Each had granulocyte-specific antibody of broad specificity and none received five consecutive compatible transfusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Signet-ring cell lymphoma. Report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

A case of signet-ring cell lymphoma initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is described. Immediate evaluation of air-dried smears showed a mixture of large and small lymphoid cells, including some signet-ring forms. Immunocytochemical studies of Cytospin preparations of the remaining aspirate yielded a diagnosis of a large-cell-type B-cell signet-ring lymphoma. Subsequent bone marrow biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade lymphoma. The advantages of on-site evaluation in aspiration cytology are discussed.

Biomarkers↗