Chronic administration of malonic acid produces selective neural degeneration and transient changes in calbindin immunoreactivity in rat striatum.
Adult rats received chronic dialytic delivery devices that exposed the striatum to a 100 mM, 400 mM, or 4 M solution of the reversible succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor malonic acid (MA). Three weeks of exposure to 100 or 400 mM MA produced no significant reduction in striatal cytochrome oxidase staining, whereas striata chronically exposed to 1 and 4 M MA showed a significant and dose-related reduction in cytochrome oxidase staining. In striata exposed to 1 M MA, analysis of regions radial to the necrotic core revealed significant reduction of nissl cell staining with relative sparing of NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons. Although 100 and 400 mM MA failed to produce lesions, both of these concentrations significantly decreased the number of striatal calbindin (CALB) immunoreactive perikarya. The reduction in CALB immunoreactivity was partly reversed in animals allowed to survive 4 weeks after cessation of exposure to 400 mM MA. These results indicate that, like striatal lesions produced by quinolinic acid, lesions produced by chronic exposure to MA possess a Huntington's disease-like pattern of selective neurodegeneration. In addition, exposure to subthreshold MA concentrations (100 and 400 mM) produce widespread transient changes in striatal CALB that may be associated with a premorbid state of neuronal dysfunction.