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Biomedical subjects

J B Casals

Publications and source records attributed to J B Casals.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Is amphotericin B active against dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis?].

The in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B was compared with that of griseofulvin, ketoconazole, clotrimazole and terbinafine in 193 clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. An agar diffusion method was used (NeoSensitabs) to categorize the susceptibility of the isolates as susceptible, intermediate or resistant to the antifungal agents. Using this method and following a standardized protocol adapted to the growth conditions of the dermatophytes and the opportunistic mold S. brevicaulis (inoculum size, temperature and time period of incubation), it was found that the in vitro susceptibility rates were 72%, 94.3%, 81.9%, 72% and 86% for amphotericin B, terbinafine, griseofulvin, ketoconazole and clotrimazole, respectively. Resistance percentages were 12.4%, 3.6%, 18.1%, 10.4% and 4.1% for the same antifungal agents. Amphotericin B showed no antifungal activity against S. brevicaulis; its activity against dermatophytes was similar to that of ketoconazole, and lower than that for clotrimazole and terbinafine.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

Aerococcus-like organisms: use of antibiograms for diagnostic and taxonomic purposes.

Recently, some Aerococcus-like organisms (ALOs), isolated from urine and blood of elderly patients with urinary tract infection, have been described. In this study ALOs and related taxons were tested for susceptibility by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods to 15 selected antimicrobial agents for diagnostic and taxonomic considerations. ALOs were susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobials including beta-lactams, but resistant to aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and nalidixic acid. By using tablets containing vancomycin, furazolidone and bacitracin, it was possible to separate ALOs from related taxons. Clustering based on antibiotic susceptibilities showed that there is little similarity between Aerococcus viridans and ALOs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of rapidly growing mycobacteria using the tablet diffusion method: resistance pattern of Norwegian Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae isolates.

Thirty-one Norwegian clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria classified as Runyon's group IV, including 20 Mycobacterium fortuitum and 11 Mycobacterium chelonae strains, were found resistant to a majority of tuberculostatic agents. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for twelve other antimicrobial agents: amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, cefoxitin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, fusidic acid, co-trimoxazole and capreomycin. The agar plate dilution method was employed and compared with the agar tablet diffusion method. Regression lines were established correlating MIC values and inhibition zones. The agar tablet diffusion method was found to be a simple and useful method for testing antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, and a good correlation between MIC values and zone sizes with twelve antimicrobial agents was revealed. Correlation coefficients for most of these antimicrobial agents were around -0.90. M. chelonae was generally more resistant than M. fortuitum. Four antimicrobial agents, capreomycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin, showed differences between M. fortuitum and M. chelonae large enough to allow the zone diameter to be used diagnostically.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Tablet sensitivity testing on pathogenic fungi.

A diffusion method for determining the sensitivity of pathogenic fungi to therapeutic agents is described using tablets containing the following antibiotics: amphotericin B, clotrimazole, econazole, fluorocytosine, and miconazole. The composition of the media used, standardisation of inocula, incubation time, and temperature are detailed.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1978

Standardised antimicrobial sensitivity testing in veterinary practice.

A standardised antimicrobial sensitivity testing method for veterinary use is described. The method makes use of Neo-Sensitabs tablets, and is based in a quantitative technique relating, diameter of inhibition zones to MIC values, and to serum concentrations for the different antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine. The sensitivity testing method has been standardised with 4 different media: Danish Blood Agar, Mueller-Hinton Agar, DST Agar, and Iso-sensitest Agar and with two different inocula (according to ICS and Kirby-Bauer respectively). Information is given on cross-resistance between different antimicrobials, and basic sets of drugs are recommended for routine use. Interpretation tablets are given for both inocula (semi-confluent or confluent colonies), and a quality control procedure using two standard strains (E. Coli ATCC 25922 and Staph, aureus ATCC 25923), enables the regular control of the media and inocula used in the test.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of antimony dextran glycoside (RL-712).

1. The absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of antimony dextran glycoside (RL-712) has been studied in normal rodents.2. Some organs in the body, especially liver and spleen, retain large amounts of antimony for considerable periods of time. Excretion of antimony in the urine was low and only about 10-12% of the dose administered was excreted within the first 48 hours.3. Blood levels were maintained for at least 3 days after a single intramuscular dose to rabbits, corresponding to 14 mg Sb/kg body weight.4. Toxicity studies and tests on foetal toxicity in mice and rats, respectively, showed no abnormalities.5. The possible value of RL-712 in the prophylaxis and treatment of leishmaniasis is discussed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗