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Biomedical subjects

J B Gouyon

Publications and source records attributed to J B Gouyon.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hyperoxemia does not affect renal hemodynamics and function in newborn rabbits.

Renal hemodynamics and function were assessed in 10 anesthetized newborn rabbits undergoing acute hyperoxemia for 1 h. The hyperoxemic period either followed (group 1: n = 5) or preceded (group 2: n = 5) a normoxemic control period. Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed by the clearance of p-aminohippuric acid and inulin, respectively. Urine flow rate, GFR, RBF, renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction and sodium fractional excretion remained unchanged throughout the study whatever the order of the normoxemic and hyperoxemic periods. It is concluded that hyperoxemia up to PaO2 of 170 mm Hg does not alter renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Vertex spikes in newborn infants in acute cerebral anoxia. Prognostic value].

The authors report 10 cases of newborns with neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy and presence of spikes in the vertex area on EEG. Evolution was characterized by the onset of a spastic paraparesy with frontal atrophy on CT scan examination and disappearance of the spikes after 2 months of age. This graphic pattern is usually absent in neonatal anoxic encephalopathy. Vertex spikes thus appear to have a prognostic value in neonates with brain anoxia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Neonatal kidney insufficiency and intrauterine exposure to ketoprofen].

An acute kidney failure (AKF) was present at birth in a 28 week-old premature infant exposed in utero to ketoprofen during the last 4 days of pregnancy. Usual causes of AKF were not identified. Thus, AKF might be due to a ketoprofen-induced impairment in renal prostaglandin synthesis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Hemiballismus revealing multiple sclerosis in an infant.

The authors report a case of a 15-month-old infant who presented a left hemiballismus associated with left Marcus-Gunn pupil, and retrobulbar optic neuritis, which disappeared spontaneously in 7 days. Six weeks later, the infant experienced a mild paraparesis with a palsy of the left sixth cranial nerve, which disappeared following steroid therapy. Evoked visual potentials elicited abnormal latencies; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a rise in white cells and oligoclonal bands. According to the usual classification, this case corresponds to definite multiple sclerosis. The fact that hemiballismus was the initial clinical feature in an infant makes this observation very interesting. In the literature, eight cases of hemiballismus in patients with multiple sclerosis are reported; however, only two cases of multiple sclerosis in infancy have been published, making our case report of particular interest.

Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
PubMed1990

Five day treatment of pharyngotonsillitis with cefpodoxime proxetil.

A ten day course of oral penicillin is still recommended for pharyngotonsillitis with the aim of eradicating Streptococcus pyogenes and preventing rheumatic fever. However there is some evidence that penicillin V therapy is less satisfactory than in former years. Several explanations have been suggested, including inadequate pharmacokinetic properties, poor patient compliance, penicillin tolerance, re-infection and carrier state, and indirect pathogenicity. In this context we evaluated the efficacy of third generation cephalosporins. We have shown that a short course of five days treatment with cefpodoxime is as effective as the ten days of conventional treatment with penicillin in terms of both clinical and bacteriological efficacy. Moreover the possibility of reducing the duration of therapy and the twice daily administration of these new cephalosporins results in better patient compliance with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Renal effects of caffeine in preterm infants.

Renal functions were assessed during two 12-hour periods, before and after the administration of a single oral dose of caffeine (15 mg/kg) in 13 preterm infants. Each infant acted as his own control. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, hematocrit, blood pH, arterial PO2 and PCO2 remained stable throughout the two successive periods. Mean protein serum level slightly increased from period I to period II. Urine flow rate (+63 +/- 57%), water output/input ratio (+49 +/- 54%) and creatinine clearance (+79 +/- 102%) increased significantly after the administration of caffeine.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in preterm infants.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotaxime (CTX) and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxime (DCTX) were assessed on the 3rd day of treatment in 10 preterm infants (28-37 weeks gestation) aged 3-8 days and receiving 25 mg/kg CTX twice daily. Blood samples were collected from an umbilical artery catheter at 0, 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after a short peripheral infusion (5 min) and were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. During the 12 h following the CTX infusion, serum concentrations of CTX remained above the mean bactericidal concentration for pathogens commonly isolated during the neonatal period. The mean (+/- SD) elimination half-life, volume of distribution, total body clearance and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-12 h) for CTX were: 3.68 +/- 1.48 h (range: 1.89-6.82), 431 +/- 149 ml/kg (219-636), 1.57 +/- 0.80 ml/kg/min (0.60-3.27) and 373 +/- 206 micrograms/ml/h (170-867), respectively. The AUC0-12 h for DCTX was 170 +/- 93 micrograms/ml/h (61-374). A significant inverse relationship was found between gestational age and the elimination half-life of CTX, and the AUC of both CTX and DCTX.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus septicemias in neonates].

Sixteen neonates developed staphylococcal septicemia (S. epidermidis in 10 cases and S. aureus in six). Two infections were due to maternofetal contamination and four to contaminated foreign material. Clinical symptoms included non-specific evidence of neonatal bacterial infection and, in S. aureus infections, suggestive skin or bone localizations. Fifteen patients recovered without sequelae and one died as a result of S. aureus septicopyemia. In view of the patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents exhibited by S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the vancomycin-amikacin combination seems the most appropriate treatment in neonatal staphylococcal septicemias. However, the fosfomycin-cefotaxim combination can be proposed for the treatment of staphylococcal infections with osteoarticular or meningeal involvement.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Familial benign neonatal seizures: EEG, clinical, prognosis and genetic features].

The authors describe 3 families in which several members presented convulsions exclusively during the neonatal period. The EEG and clinical findings showed typical short neonatal convulsions lasting several months and with no apparent etiology. The dominantly inherited transmission is certain. Prognosis is very good, although 14% of the cases in the literature present an onset of epilepsy after 20 years of age. Even though this phenomenon is unusual, the rarity of its description probably stems from lack of knowledge rather than low incidence. We thus would like to show that, even in the neonatal period, familial epilepsy can occur.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Arterial hypertension in the newborn infant.

Blood pressure is low at birth. It increases with age by about 1 mm Hg per day within the period of 3-8 days. It rises by about 1 mm Hg per week between 5 and 6 weeks of age. Neonatal hypertension carries a risk of cardiorespiratory failure and cerebral distress. Causes of neonatal hypertension are either secondary to congenital malformations or to acquired disease states. Congenital etiologies include: renal artery stenosis, renal artery hypoplasia, abdominal aortic atresia, coarctation of the aorta, kidney cystic disease, reflux nephropathies. Acquired causes include: thrombo-embolic renal artery complications secondary to umbilical artery catheterization or to thrombosis of the ductus arteriosus, closure of abdominal wall defects, adrenal hematoma with renal artery compression, seizures in preterm infants, central nervous system disorders, drug-induced hypertension, infants of drug-dependent mothers. The morbidity and the mortality of neonatal hypertension are elevated. Death may be caused by severe uncontrollable hypertension or by concomitant problems. Morbidity may be related to drug-resistant hypertension, or to the side-effects of hypotensive drugs.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗