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Biomedical subjects

J B Hewitt

Publications and source records attributed to J B Hewitt.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Violence in the workplace.

This integrative review of research on workplace violence in Canada and the United States showed that risk factors for homicide and nonfatal assault injuries differed significantly. In 1993, there were 1,063 work-related homicides in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1994). Workplace homicide was the second leading cause of fatal occupational injuries overall, but the primary cause for women. The highest risk for workplace homicide was observed among males, the self-employed, and those employed in grocery stores, eating and drinking establishments, gas service stations, taxicab services, and government service, including law enforcement. The majority of workplace homicides occurred during robberies. Unlike workplace homicide, the majority of nonfatal assaults that involved lost work time occurred to women, primarily employed in health care or other service sector work. The assault rates for residential care and nursing and personal care workers were more than ten times that of private non-health care industries. Minimal intervention research has been reported. In recent years, some governmental agencies and professional organizations have begun to address policy issues related to workplace violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A description of an occupational reproductive health nurse consultant practice and women's occupational exposures during pregnancy.

It is estimated that each year 20 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to a variety of reproductive hazards. In 1986, Wisconsin implemented an advanced practice public health nurse role to serve as the occupational reproductive health consultant to employees, employers, health care professionals, unions, and others. This article describes this advanced practice role in public health nursing and the women who sought reproductive health consultation. Data on the types of workplace exposures that these consultees had during pregnancy are used to illustrate the occupational history and its importance for pre-conceptional and early-pregnancy counseling. The sample for analysis was limited to the 118 women, aged 19-43 years, who received consultation services between 1990 and 1993 and whose pregnancies resulted in live births. Data were abstracted from the consultant's records of telephone and written consultations and linked to birth certificate records to provide information on smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. The findings are summarized using descriptive statistics. Implications of the findings for public health nursing are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Workplace violence: female occupational homicides in metropolitan Chicago.

Homicide is the leading cause of fatal occupational injuries for women and accounts for 39% of all fatal injuries for women at work. Using medical examiner and coroner reports, this study analyzed female workplace homicides in three counties within metropolitan Chicago from 1984 to 1990. These workplace homicides were compared to non-workplace homicides of women. There were 1,354 female homicides; of the 17 workplace homicides, all occurred in Cook County. The annual rate of female occupational homicides was higher (1.5/10(5)) for Cook County, while for the metropolitan Chicago area (Cook, DuPage, and Lake counties) it was 1.19/10(5). Black women experienced a higher workplace homicide rate (2.3/10(5)) than white women (1.2/10(5)). Most of these occupational homicides occurred in retail trade, predominately in eating and drinking establishments; robbery was a frequent occurrence, and the women often worked alone. Only three medical examiner reports cited a known assailant. The leading cause of death was from gunshot wounds. Workplace homicides were similar to non-workplace homicides in relation to age, race, and cause of death. Identified risk factors associated with workplace homicides, as well as non-fatal assaults, should be used to develop effective preventive measures. A national standard for general workplace security also is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Bone marrow screening: successful program.

1. Although bone marrow transplants increase the survival rate of persons with fatal blood diseases, identifying donors requires a large pool of volunteers. 2. Community involved corporations can support the Bone Marrow Donor Program by facilitating bone marrow screening in the workplace. 3. Collaboration is needed to effectively implement a bone marrow screening program at the worksite.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1993

Health hazards of nursing: identifying workplace hazards and reducing risks.

Nurses often work in settings in which they may be exposed to a wide array of psychosocial, chemical, biological, and physical hazards. The authors outline several ways in which occupational exposures occur and the general process for reducing or preventing workplace hazards. Several commonly encountered workplace hazards and their potential health risks are identified and discussed. Specific health hazards that are addressed include the chemical hazards of antineoplastic and antiviral drugs; the biological hazards of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, herpes viruses, rubella, and tuberculosis; and the physical hazards of noise and ionizing and nonionizing radiation. The authors suggest specific preventive measures that nurses can take to make their workplaces safer.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Female workplace homicides: an integrative research review.

1. Between 1980 and 1985, murder on the job was the leading cause of fatal injuries for women compared to being the third leading cause for men. The annual female homicide rate per 100,000 women ranged from 0.05 to 0.7. 2. Risk factors that were identified included age 65 and over, black, and work involving the exchange of money. The primary cause of death was gunshot wounds. 3. Suggested prevention strategies were environmental controls, training, policy, and research. 4. Occupational health nurses need to recognize homicide as an occupational hazard, determine high risk employees and situations, and implement programs to reduce violence related stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitating diabetes self-management.

The purpose of this study was to enhance sensitivity to and understanding of the perceptions of persons with diabetes by analyzing these individuals' unsolicited comments on structured questionnaires. Twenty of 66 adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who participated in a study to modify their eating habits wrote a total of 122 unsolicited comments on three different questionnaires. A systematic analysis of the content of these comments resulted in seven coding categories: personal philosophy; knowledge deficit; weight or blood sugar problems; diet, exercise, or medication problems; self-care activity; stress; and success. Further analysis resulted in a trilevel schema (survival, regulation, success) depicting how individuals learn to manage their diabetes. The problem-identification and seeking-help behaviors identified in the survival level gradually changed to learning to live with the regimen in the regulation level. Respondents whose activities were in the success level demonstrated more autonomy than persons in the other two levels. A health orientation rather than a problem orientation also was seen in the success level. Consequently, teaching strategies should be tailored to the client's level of self-care, with an emphasis on assisting them toward the success level.

Adult↗