The predictive value of HLA-DR oligotyping for MLC responses.
Comparison of HLA proteins between a patient and potential unrelated marrow donors is difficult because many similar, but not identical, HLA proteins are expressed in the human population. A reliable and practical method to detect these subtle differences is provided by oligotyping, a new technique that identifies polymorphic sequences in the genes encoding the HLA proteins. Oligotyping was used to compare polymorphic HLA-DR sequences in 286 pairs of samples from patients and potential unrelated donors who were serologically matched for HLA-DR specificities. Oligotyping detected HLA-DR differences in 53% of these pairs and all mismatched pairs were reactive in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. Where HLA-DR disparity was not detected by oligotyping, 37% of the pairs were nonreactive in MLC. The remaining 63% often contained an allele associated with the HLA-DRw11 serological specificity. In the absence of HLA-DRB1*11, oligotyping was predictive of MLC reactivity for samples with HLA-DR2, -DR4, and DRw52. In clinical settings, the ability to predict MLC reactivity on the basis of precise HLA typing provides an alternative to MLC. Further, the relationship between specific polymorphic sequences and reactivity in MLC may lead to more fundamental insights into the mechanisms involved in alloreactive responses.