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Biomedical subjects

J B Kaneene

Publications and source records attributed to J B Kaneene.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A comparison of profitability and economic efficiencies between management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed dairies in Michigan.

A retrospective cohort study was designed to determine differences in profitability, asset efficiency, operating efficiency, and labor efficiency between Michigan dairy farms implementing management-intensive grazing (MIG) and conventionally managed dairy farms. Financial information and labor use data for the calendar year 1994 were collected with surveys and personal interviews from 35 MIG dairies and 18 conventionally managed dairies. Because the geographic distribution of MIG and conventionally managed farms in this study did not include Michigan's "dairy belt," extrapolation of these results to an average Michigan or Midwest dairy should be made with care. Within the areas represented, however, multivariate linear regression indicated that MIG dairies had more economic profit than conventionally managed dairies. They captured this profit by being more efficient in asset use, operating practices, and labor use. These results suggest that MIG could provide a sustainable alternate management tool for portions of Michigan's dairy industry.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Distribution and environmental risk factors for paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds in Michigan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of paratuberculosis among dairy cattle herds and to identify associated soil-related risk factors. SAMPLE POPULATION: Serum and soil samples for 121 Michigan dairy herds. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected from cows at each farm and tested for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, using an antibody ELISA. Soil samples were collected from pastures and exercise lots; pH and available iron content were determined. A questionnaire was administered to collect data regarding farm management practices and productivity. RESULTS: 55% of the herds tested had > or = 2 M paratuberculosis-positive cattle. Adjusting sample prevalence for distribution of herd size strata yielded a statewide herd prevalence of 54%. Of 3,886 cattle tested, 267 had positive results. Prevalence of test-positive cattle was 6.9%. For every part per million (ppm) increase in soil iron content, there was a 1.4% increase in the risk of a herd being test-positive. An increase in soil pH of 0.1 was associated with a 5% decrease and an increase in soil iron content of 10 ppm was associated with a 4% increase in the number of test-positive cattle. Application of lime to pasture areas was associated with a herd being only 10% as likely to be paratuberculosis positive and with a 72% reduction in number of test-positive cattle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prevalence of paratuberculosis-positive dairy herds in Michigan (54%) was greater than expected, but prevalence of paratuberculosis-positive cattle (6.9%) was within anticipated values. These prevalences were associated positively with acidic soil and increased soil iron content. Application of lime to pasture areas was associated with reduced risk of paratuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Re-analysis of 2,4-D use and the occurrence of canine malignant lymphoma.

An independent scientific review panel had concerns involving study design, analysis and interpretation of results in a case-control study investigating the relationship between canine malignant lymphoma (CML) and the use of 2,4-D herbicide. To address these concerns, a re-analysis was done to examine 2,4-D use and its association with CML. This case-control study re-analyzed the data using the exposure definition used in the original study, re-analyzed the data using a redefinition of exposure, and conducted a dose-response analysis with the redefined exposure criteria. Our results agreed with the original author's analyses that no effects were found when stratifying by survey method and geographic region, and that there were no significant differences between separated and pooled control groups. However, we did not confirm a dose-response relationship between 2,4-D use and CML. Additionally, the occurrence of CML was not found significantly associated with the use of 2,4-D.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of type I and type II bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in swine.

Some isolates of type II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are capable of causing severe clinical disease in cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection has been reported in pigs, but the ability of these more virulent isolates of type II BVDV to induce severe clinical disease in pigs is unknown. It was our objective to compare clinical, virologic, and pathologic findings between type I and type II BVDV infection in pigs. Noninfected control and BVDV-infected 2-month-old pigs were used. A noncytopathic type I and a noncytopathic type II BVDV isolate were chosen for evaluation in feeder age swine based upon preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments. A dose titration study was performed using 4 groups of 4 pigs for each viral isolate. The groups were inoculated intranasally with either sham (control), 10(3), 10(5), or 10(7) TCID50 of virus. The pigs were examined daily and clinical findings were recorded. Antemortem and postmortem samples were collected for virus isolation. Neither the type I nor type II BVDV isolates resulted in clinical signs of disease in pigs. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from antemortem and postmortem samples from groups of pigs receiving the 10(5) and the 10(7) TCID50 dose of the type I BVDV isolate. In contrast, BVDV was only isolated from postmortem samples in the group of pigs receiving the 10(7) TCID50 dose of the type II BVDV isolate. Type I BVDV was able to establish infection in pigs at lower doses by intranasal instillation than type II BVDV. Infection of pigs with a type II isolate of BVDV known to cause severe disease in calves did not result in clinically apparent disease in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Use of pamidronate to reverse vitamin D3-induced toxicosis in dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pamidronate disodium can reduce vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia in dogs and whether combination treatment with calcitonin is more effective than treatment with pamidronate alone. ANIMALS: 20 clinically normal male Beagles. PROCEDURE: All dogs were given 8 mg of cholecalciferol (CCF)/kg of body weight once orally, then were assigned randomly to 4 groups of 5 dogs each. Dogs were given 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 1), calcitonin SC and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 2), pamidronate and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 3), or a combination of all 3 agents (group 4). Dogs were observed for 28 days, and serial blood and urine samples were collected for determination of serum biochemical, electrolyte, and 25(OH)D3 values, CBC, and urine mineral excretion. Samples of kidney, stomach, lung, aorta, liver, duodenum, and brain were evaluated by light microscopy and quantitative mineral analysis. RESULTS: Two dogs in group 1 were euthanatized 4 days after CCF administration because of severe clinical signs of disease. Dogs in group 3 lost less weight and had significantly lower serum phosphorus, total and ionized calcium, and urinary zinc concentrations, compared with dogs in group 1. On day 4, serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in dogs of groups 3 and 4, compared with dogs in group 1. Mild to moderate mineralization of kidneys and stomach were observed in the 2 group-1 dogs euthanatized on day 4. CONCLUSIONS: Pamidronate administration effectively prevents CCF-induced hypercalcemia and mineralization of soft tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pamidronate is a potentially useful antidote against CCF toxicosis in dogs.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of certification in the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program and associated factors on the risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk from dairy farms in Michigan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether certification in a Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program (MDBQAP) was associated with a reduced risk of having antibiotic residues in milk and to define specific management factors that may have predisposed dairy farms to having violative antibiotic residues in milk. SAMPLE POPULATION: 124 dairy farms in Michigan that had > 1 violative residue in milk during 1993 and 248 randomly selected control farms in Michigan that did not have violative residues in milk during 1993. PROCEDURE: A pretested structured questionnaire was mailed to case and control farms. A conditional multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine risk factors associated with having a violative antibiotic residue in milk. RESULTS: Certification in the MDBQAP did not significantly reduce the risk of having a violative antibiotic residue. Annual treatment of > 10% of a herd for metritis was associated with a reduced risk of having a violative residue. Evidence suggested that a routine request for a milk processor to perform residue testing was associated with a decreased risk of having had a violative antibiotic residue, but routine on-farm residue testing was associated with an increased risk of having had a residue. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MDBQAP certification was associated, although not significantly, with a reduced risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk. Risk factors significantly associated with violative antibiotic residues are addressed by various critical control points in the MDBQAP and may be indicators for strengths and weaknesses of MDBQAP.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Management-related risk factors for M. paratuberculosis infection in Michigan, USA, dairy herds.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June through December 1996 to identify management-related risk factors for herd-level M. paratuberculosis infection. Data were collected from 121 participating herds. A two-part questionnaire was administered to gather data on current and previous management practices and herd productivity. A random sample of cows aged > or = 24 months was selected from each herd and tested for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis using the IDEXX Antibody ELISA (sensitivity 64%, specificity 96%). A positive herd was one in which > or = 2 animals tested positive for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis. A negative herd was one in which no animal tested positive. Herds in which only one animal tested positive were dropped from statistical analysis to reduce the risk of including false-positive herds in the statistical analyses. There were 80 herds with one or more positive animals and 41 herds with no positive animals in the sample (66% herd-level prevalence). Twenty-six herds (21%) were dropped from further analyses because they had only one positive cow. Twelve herds (10%) were dropped from analysis because of missing data. The resulting sample used for statistical modeling included 46 positive herds and 37 negative herds (55% herd-level prevalence). A multi-variable logistic-regression model was used to evaluate the results. The variable 'use of an exercise lot for lactating cows' was associated with a three-fold increase in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 3.01, C.I. = 1.03-8.80); 'cleaning of maternity pens after each use' was associated with a three-fold reduction in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 0.28, C.I. = 0.08-0.89); 'application of lime to pasture areas in 1993' resulted in a ten-fold decrease in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 0.10, C.I. = 0.02-0.56).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Dry cow diet, management, and energy balance as risk factors for displaced abomasum in high producing dairy herds.

The objective of this study was to determine prepartum risk factors for displaced abomasum. The design was a prospective study of 1170 multiparous Holstein cows from 67 high producing dairy herds in Michigan. Each farm was visited four times within a 6-wk period. At each visit, data on nutrition and management were collected. All multiparous cows within 35 d of projected calving were assigned a body condition score, and blood was sampled to determine the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of displaced abomasum during lactation on a herd basis. A multivariable logistic regression model with random effect was used to determine risk factors for displaced abomasum on an individual cow basis. Significant risk factors for displaced abomasum included a negative energy balance prepartum (as estimated from plasma nonesterified fatty acids), a high body condition score, suboptimal feed bunk management prepartum, prepartum diets containing > 1.65 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter, winter and summer seasons, high genetic merit, and low parity.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1998

Survival analysis of risk factors associated with the occurrence of lameness in a Michigan horse population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations of operation and individual animal-level risk factors with occurrence of lameness in the Michigan horse population. SAMPLE POPULATION: 3,925 horses monitored from 138 randomly selected Michigan operations for a total of 814,753 horse-days. PROCEDURE: All horses monitored < 60 days were eliminated from the source population. From the remaining horses, a prospective unmatched case-control study population was generated that included all cases and a random sample of noncases. Analysis of risk factors associated with occurrence of lameness was conducted, using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Horses in larger operations, compared with horses in the first operation size quartile, were associated with decreased risk of lameness (2nd quartile [Q]: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36, 0.91; 3rd Q: HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.13; 4th Q: HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.76). Compared with mares, stallions (HR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.07) and geldings (HR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.09) were at increased risk of lameness. Compared with horses used for breeding purposes only, those participating in exercise or performance-related activities including racing (HR = 4.70; 95% CI: 1.70, 13.03) and showing (HR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.07, 7.28) also were at increased risk of lameness. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of these results with those conducted using multivariable logistic regression strengthens the argument that there is decreased risk of lameness for horses in larger operations and increased risk of lameness for active horses. Additionally, results of this analysis suggested that stallions and geldings are at increased risk of lameness, compared with mares. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lameness prevention strategies in the horse industry should focus principally on horses participating in exercise or performance-related activities, including racing and showing, on male horses, and on horses stabled in smaller operations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and county prosecutors in Michigan regarding enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and country prosecutors in Michigan toward enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation and to identify factors associated with whether veterinarians would report suspected cases of animal cruelty. DESIGN: Survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Questionnaires were sent to 1,146 Michigan Veterinary Medical Association member veterinarians, 139 animal control directors, and 83 county prosecutors in Michigan. RESULTS: 740 (65%) veterinarians, 70 (50%) animal control directors, and 43 (52%) prosecutors responded. Six hundred forty six of 735 (88%) veterinarians reported having treated an animal that they believed had been a victim of animal cruelty, but only 192 of 719 (27%) had ever reported a case of animal cruelty, and only 217 of 734 (30%) had ever testified in an animal cruelty case. Logistic regression analysis of responses revealed that the only factor associated with whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty was the potential reactions of the involved clients to the accusation of animal cruelty. Veterinarians who rated reaction of the involved client as important, very important, or essential to their decision whether to report a case of animal cruelty were less likely to report such cases than were veterinarians who rated potential client reaction as somewhat important or unimportant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Concern about potential client reaction was the most important factor in whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Retrospective cohort study of changes in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there had been a significant improvement in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States by comparing results of evaluations done by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 with those of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 and determining whether there had been an increase in the percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 270,978 evaluations. PROCEDURE: Numbers and percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype during each period and change between periods in percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype were calculated. RESULTS: Percentage of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (15,289/143,668; 10.64%) was significantly higher than percentage of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (9,960/127,310; 7.82%). The increase in percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype was significantly higher for male (51%) than for female (27%) dogs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that there has been an improvement in the hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States between the 1970s and early 1990s and that the improvement has been greater among male than among female dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a practice-based ambulatory program in food animal medicine, surgery, and herd health management.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the educational value of a practice-based ambulatory program used at a school of veterinary medicine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Graduates of US veterinary medical schools between 1987 and 1994. PROCEDURE: Phase I involved use of interviews and focus groups to assist in development of the questionnaire used in phase II, a retrospective cohort study. The pretested questionnaire was sent to a study population consisting of all graduates of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, between 1987 and 1994 as well as a control group who were randomly selected from the 1994 AVMA list of veterinarians. Control-group veterinarians were matched on the basis of professional activity, region, and year of graduation. RESULTS: 728 of 1,067 veterinarians completed the questionnaire in phase II of the study (response rate, 68%). The practice-based ambulatory program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison compared favorably with university-based ambulatory programs in volume of experiences and perceived educational quality. Regardless of rotation type, female students were significantly less likely to observe or perform 12 specific clinical procedures and were significantly less likely to rate instructional quality as excellent or very good, compared with male students. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Practice-based ambulatory rotations can be a good alternative to existing university-based ambulatory rotations. Implementation of these programs should emphasize performance of procedures while striving to ensure participation of female students.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1997

A lameness scoring system that uses posture and gait to predict dairy cattle reproductive performance.

Lameness has contributed to reproductive inefficiency and increased the risk of culling in dairy cows. We developed a 5-point lameness scoring system that assessed gait and placed a novel emphasis on back posture. Our objective was to determine if this system predicted future reproductive performance and the risk of culling. The study was conducted at a commercial dairy farm with a history of declining reproductive efficiency and an increasing prevalence of lameness. A total of 66 primipara and pluripara calved, received an initial lameness score, and completed their 60-d voluntary waiting period. The overall prevalence of lameness (mean lameness score >2) was 65.2%. Scoring continued at 4-wk intervals and ceased with conception or culling. The percentage of cows confirmed pregnant and culled was 77.3 and 22.7, respectively. For each reproductive endpoint, a 2 x 2 table was constructed with lameness score >2 as the positive risk factor and either performance greater than the endpoint mean or being culled as the positive disease or condition. Positive and negative predictive values, relative risk, Chisquare statistic and regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. The positive predictive values for days to first service, days open, breeding herd days, services per pregnancy and being culled were 58, 68, 65, 39 and 35%, respectively. Similarly, the negative predictive values were 79, 96, 100, 96 and 100%, respectively. Except for one reproductive endpoint, the total number of services, all linear regressions were significant at P < 0.01. Having a lameness score >2 predicted that a cow would have extended intervals from calving to first service and to conception, spend or be assigned to (explained herein) more total days in the breeding herd, require more services per pregnancy and be 8.4 times more likely to be culled. We believe that this lameness scoring system effectively identifies lame cows. Observation of the arched-back posture in a standing cow (> or =LS 3) should trigger corrective interventions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of rabies in bats in Michigan, 1981-1993.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the species distribution of animals submitted to the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) for rabies testing during 1993. To determine whether any of the 9 species of bats residing in Michigan carries a disproportionate rabies burden, and to determine whether bats contributed the most cases of confirmed rabies during 1981 through 1992. DESIGN: Epidemiologic study. PROCEDURE: Records of animals submitted to the MDPH for rabies testing during 1993, and between 1981 and 1992, were reviewed. Information regarding type of animal submitted, specific species if the animal was a bat, county from which the animal was obtained, the identity of the submitting individual, species of the animal exposed, month of the submission, and results of rabies testing was extracted from these records. RESULTS: During 1993, the MDPH received 2,045 submissions for rabies testing. Seventeen rabid animals were identified: 1 cat, 1 skunk, and 15 bats. Two hundred forty-six bats were submitted for testing. Eptesicus fuscus, the big brown bat, accounted for 97.2% (239) of bat submissions and was the only species of bat that had positive results of testing for rabies. Annual percentages of submitted bats found to be rabid ranged from 2.0 to 11.0%, with a 13-year mean of 6.2%. CONCLUSIONS: 100% of the confirmed cases of rabies in bats reported in Michigan in 1993 were associated with in E fuscus. During 1981 through 1992, most of Michigan's confirmed cases of rabies in animals developed in bats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Patterns of health maintenance on Michigan equine operations.

Data from two 12 month prospective monitoring programs that followed management, economics and animal health from randomly-sampled equine operations in Michigan were used to determine patterns of health maintenance. Health maintenance measures were grouped, and average uses per year were computed for the most-common measures reported: respiratory, Potomac Horse Fever, neurological and multiple-system vaccinations, deworming, and general farrier work. Factors examined for potential association with health maintenance measure use were numbers of equids and horse-days on the operation, average age of equids, disease prevention management procedures, and operation and individual equine activities. The most-common vaccinations reported were respiratory vaccines (administered an average of 0.9 times per equid per year, of which 61% were for rhinopneumonitis). Multiple-system, Potomac Horse Fever and neurological vaccines were given on average 0.9, 0.9 and 0.7 times per equid per year, respectively. Deworming treatments were administered approximately 2.7 times per equid per year, of which 64% were ivermectin. Overall farrier work was reported 3.3 times per equid per year, trimming was done 2.9 times and shoeing was done 1.5 times per equid per year. In general, operations with active equids engaged in training, breeding or showing showed increased use of health maintenance measures. Overall use of health maintenance measures in the Michigan equine operations monitored did not appear to reach recommended levels, because many operations reported no use of these measures. However, on operations where health maintenance measures were reported, operators were using these measures at or near recommended levels.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

The Michigan equine monitoring system. I. Design, implementation and population estimates.

The Michigan equine monitoring system (MEMS) was designed and implemented in the State of Michigan, starting in 1991. The program was designed systematically to track the State's equine population, its health, and its economic implications to the equine industry. The MEMS was designed as a two-phase program. Phase I (the population and economic survey; the subject of this paper) was designed to provide new and statistically valid information describing the size, composition, location and economic characteristics of the Michigan equine industry. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data via mail, telephone and personal interviews. Of the 3000 randomly selected list-frame samples, 2800 (93%) participated. However, 650 of these had no equids. There were 129,932 equids reported compared with 160,000 in 1984. The American Quarter Horse, Standardbred and Arabian breeds were the most numerous. Detailed results, including the size of equine operations/herds, uses, geographical distribution and the financial structure of the industry, are presented. A detailed account of the strategies used in designing and implementing the system is provided.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1997

The Michigan equine monitoring system. II. Frequencies and impact of selected health problems.

A prospective study was designed to document the frequencies of equine health problems in the state of Michigan, USA. A total of 2469 horses from a random sample of 138 equine operations were monitored in the study in two 12-month periods: 1992-1993 and 1993-1994. All the major breeds of horses in the state were proportionately represented in the sample. Using weighted annual incidence densities as measures of disease frequencies, the 10 most frequently observed groups of health problems were (from most to least frequent) leg lameness, dermatological problems, respiratory problems, hoof and foot problems, reproductive problems, systemic problems, colic, whole body lameness, neurological problems and gastrointestinal problems (other than colic). This ranking of the top 10 health problems was different from the ranking provided by equine owners/operators at the beginning of the study. Overall, very low specific mortality rates were observed in the study. However, the conditions that were associated with mortality resulted in fairly high case fatalities. The five specific illnesses that most commonly resulted in fatalities were (from greatest to least case fatality risk) systemic problems, colic, gastrointestinal problems (other than colic), neurological problems, and foot and hoof problems. Impact of disease was evaluated in terms of average duration of a case and days lost for performance. Neurological problems, lameness and dermatological problems had the longest duration per case. Neurological problems, lameness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal problems (other than colic) had the longest average days lost per case.

Animals↗