Biomedical subjects

J B Kingree

Publications and source records attributed to J B Kingree.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Partner violence, social support, and distress among inner-city African American women.

This study examined the role of social support in the partner violence-psychological distress relation in a sample of African American women seeking medical care at a large, urban hospital (n = 138). Results from bivariate correlational analyses revealed that partner violence was related to lower perceived social support and greater psychological distress, and lower social support was related to more distress. Furthermore, findings based on path analysis indicated that low levels of social support helped account for battered women's increased distress. Findings point to the need for service providers to screen for partner violence in nontraditional sites, such as hospital emergency rooms, and to address the role of social support resources in preventive interventions with African American battered women.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for suicide attempts in a sample of low-income, inner-city women.

This study examined partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as risk factors for suicidal behavior among women, and whether or not PTSD mediated the partner abuse-suicidal behavior association. Attempters (n = 119) were approximately three times more likely to be above clinical cut-points for physical partner abuse, nonphysical abuse, and PTSD than nonattempters (n = 85). Physical partner abuse, but not nonphysical partner abuse, was associated with an increased risk for PTSD. Further, PTSD mediated the link between physical partner abuse and suicidality, such that when PTSD was statistically controlled, the association between physical partner abuse and suicide attempt status was reduced to nonsignificance. Implications of findings for interventions for female victims of partner abuse, and women who make nonfatal suicide attempts are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Predictors of homelessness among participants in a substance abuse treatment program.

Risk factors for homelessness were examined prospectively among recent participants in a substance abuse treatment program. Low levels of support from friends, greater depression, and recent substance use were bivariately associated with homelessness two months following completion of the program. However, friend support was the only factor associated with homelessness after controlling for other significant bivariate predictors.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Role of secondary stressors in the parental death-child distress relation.

This study examined the psychological consequences and secondary stressors associated with death of a parent. The sample (N = 116) consisted of 26 youths who had lost a parent to homicide, 45 youths who had lost a parent to natural death, and 45 nonbereaved youths. Youngsters completed face-to-face interviews, while their guardians completed measures assessing the children's functioning. Results based on both child and guardian reports indicated that parental death was associated with an increase in secondary stressors, regardless of the mode of death. Findings based on guardian reports also revealed that parental death was related to increased internalizing distress, and that parental death due to homicide was related to increased externalizing distress. Furthermore, secondary stressors mediated the parental death-child distress relation such that parental death led to an increase in stressors, which in turn led to increased child distress. Implications for secondary and tertiary preventive interventions are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Psychological symptomatology following parental death in a predominantly minority sample of children and adolescents.

Examined the psychological correlates related to experiencing the death of a parent, the main and interactive effects of sex, race, and age on youth distress and the degree of cross-informant correspondence on the outcome measures. The predominately minority sample included 80 bereaved youth and 45 nonbereaved youth. Youth and their legal guardians completed a battery of questionnaires, including measures assessing the youth's psychological symptomatology. Results revealed that bereaved youth manifested greater psychological and behavior problems than their nonbereaved counterparts on guardian-reported measures (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). The clinical significance of parental death experienced during childhood is indicated by the magnitude of distress exhibited by the bereaved sample; almost one quarter of bereaved youth scored in the clinical distress range (T score > or = 63) on the CBCL Externalizing and Internalizing Distress scales. The effect of parental death on guardian-reported externalizing distress was moderated by race, such that distress levels did not significantly differ between bereaved and nonbereaved minority youth but did differ significantly among bereaved and nonbereaved nonminority youth. Finally, the degree of cross-informant agreement was relatively low but consistent with prior studies. Study implications for interventions with bereaved youth and directions for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

A comparison of HIV-positive and HIV-negative crack users enrolled in a residential addiction treatment program.

This study compared 96 HIV-Positive (HIV+) and 357 HIV-Negative (HIV-) crack users who were participating in the same drug-free, residential treatment program. Comparisons were made on sociodemographic, health, criminal justice, psychosocial, and recovery motivation variables. As predicted, the HIV(+) participants were more apt than the HIV(-) participants to be female and recently homeless. Also as predicted, HIV(+) participants had poorer subjective health, had more convictions for various criminal offenses, and were less apt to acquire employment during treatment when compared to the HIV(-) participants. Contrary to prediction, HIV(+) participants reported more social support, were not less committed to abstinence or 12-step groups, and were not less apt to complete the treatment program in comparison to the HIV(-) participants. These results suggest that HIV(+) crack users can be successfully treated in a rigorous treatment program. Future research should examine post-treatment outcomes among HIV-infected persons.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Measuring affiliation with 12-step groups.

Seven measures, one of which was a weighted composite of the other six, were used to assess 12-step group affiliation among participants in a 120-day addiction treatment program. The participants completed the six affiliation indicators and three treatment satisfaction measures at the midpoint of their involvement in the program, after they had completed various sociodemographic and psychological measures at admission and before they were eligible for program completion. Compared to each of the six indicators, the composite measure was more robustly related to the sociodemographic, psychological, satisfaction, and program completion variables. Treatment and empirical implications were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Understanding gender differences in psychosocial functioning and treatment retention.

Although much research has compared males and females who seek substance abuse treatment, little attention has been given to factors that moderate or mediate relations between gender and dependent measures such as psychological functioning and retention. Consequently, this study examined whether family support, prior homelessness, embracement of the 12-step ideology, and attributions for addiction modified or accounted for these relations. Bivariate correlations showed that females reported less self-esteem and family support, as well as more self-blame and parental blame, than did their male counterparts. In contrast, males displayed more prior homelessness and less program completions than did the females. Multivariate analyses indicated that the relatively poor functioning of females was linked to lower family support and greater tendencies to blame themselves and their parents for their addictions. In addition, females were most likely to display low esteem when they engaged in high embracement of the 12-step ideology. On the other hand, the lower rate of program completion for males was linked to their higher rates of prior homelessness.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The frequency and impact of violent trauma among pregnant substance abusers.

This research was conducted with 96 low-income pregnant women who enrolled in a residential substance abuse treatment program. The study had three goals: (a) to document the prevalence of exposure to violent trauma, (b) to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and (c) to assess if trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress were related to program completion. Results indicated that the sample had high rates of exposure to violent trauma, as 72% had experienced sexual assault, 67% had experienced physical assault, and 68% had experienced indirect violent trauma. High rates of traumatic stress were found in that 62% displayed symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finally, logistic regression analyses revealed that traumatic stress, but not trauma exposure, was related to program completion. Findings suggest that treatment providers need to assess trauma histories and traumatic stress symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for suicide attempts among low-income women with a history of alcohol problems.

This study used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine nine risk factors for suicide attempts among 80 women (51 attempters, 29 controls) with a history of alcohol problems who were recruited from a large, inner-city hospital. Prior studies established that each of the examined factors increased the risk for suicidal behavioral, but these studies have varied according to whether or not they consisted exclusively of persons with alcohol problems. Whereas eight of the nine factors were bivariately associated with suicide attempt status in this study, only three factors (hopelessness, recent interpersonal loss, childhood trauma) remained significant in the multivariate analysis. These findings illuminate the importance of using multivariate analyses when aiming to identify factors that uniquely increase the risk for suicidal behavior among persons with alcohol problems.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of vocational behaviors preceding and during 12-step oriented treatment.

This study examined the role of vocational behaviors in the treatment of 80 crack users. The study had two general aims: (a) to predict which crack users had acquired jobs after 30 days in treatment; and (b) to examine if vocational behaviors assessed at admission and follow-up accounted for variations in recovery motivation, psychological functioning, and treatment completion. Multivariate analyses identified four predictors (race, having a polysubstance problem, 12-step sponsor, and specific job skill) of job acquisition. Multivariate analyses also indicated that past year employment was negatively related to recovery motivation but positively related to psychological functioning and treatment completion, and that job acquisition was negatively related to one measure of recovery motivation but positively related to psychological functioning. Future research should use multiple group designs to examine the effects associated with including a vocational component in treatment programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Attributions for the development of substance addiction among participants in a 12-step oriented treatment program.

Attributions for the development of substance addiction problems were collected at admission (Time 1) and two months later (Time 2) for 103 participants in a residential treatment program. These attributions were grouped into personal, parental, and societal causation measures. At both Times 1 and 2, participants perceived personal causes as being more responsible for their substance addictions than were parental and social causes. Additionally, personal causes were perceived as being more responsible, and societal causes were perceived as being less responsible, at Time 2 relative to Time 1. Moreover, after controlling for the Time 1 measures, societal causation at Time 2 was positively related to depression and negatively related to treatment completion. Thus, participants accepted more responsibility as they progressed through treatment, which in turn was associated with higher levels of psychological functioning and treatment completion. These findings have meaningful implications, especially if replicated in other treatment settings with research that employs an experimental design.

Adult↗