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Biomedical subjects

J B Lane

Publications and source records attributed to J B Lane.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Rett syndrome: 1H spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 Tesla.

Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder predominantly affecting girls, is characterized by regression of psychomotor development, communication dysfunction, and hand stereotypies. Brain morphologic studies demonstrate increased neuronal packing density and reduced dendritic arborizations, suggesting an arrest or interruption of normal maturation. Numerous neurotransmitter systems have been implicated. Among these, cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels are elevated and glutamate receptors, particularly in putamen, are reduced. Therefore, 1H spectroscopy at 4.1 Tesla was used to evaluate glutamate, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate in six girls with Rett syndrome and four normal sibling controls. The ratio of creatine to N-acetylaspartate was significantly elevated in white matter, primarily reflecting reduced N-acetylaspartate levels, and normal in gray matter. The glutamate to N-acetylaspartate ratio was elevated in gray matter and normal in white matter. These findings are consistent with previous neuropathologic and neurochemical findings and indicate the feasibility of imaging these metabolites in vivo.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Age-related changes in the level of urinary myelin basic protein-like material during childhood.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the developmental profile of myelin basic protein-like material (MBPLM) in urine. If urinary MBPLM exhibits a developmental profile corresponding to that of forebrain myelination, certain inferences should follow deviations from normal. Thus, MBPLM might provide a marker for monitoring the neurodevelopmental status in infants at risk for adverse outcomes. BACKGROUND: MBPLM in different immunochemical forms is detectable in human CSF and urine, presumably a result of myelin basic protein (MBP) catabolism. Urinary MBPLM has been used successfully as a marker of disease status in adults with MS. Urinary MBPLM increases in MS patients changing from a relapsing-remitting to a progressive course, possibly reflecting attempted or failed remyelination. Scant information exists concerning the presence or specific levels of urinary MBPLM during infancy and childhood when myelination is most active. METHODS: MBPLM was assayed in 402 urine specimens from 398 infants and children ranging in age from birth to 17 years according to previously described methods. RESULTS: MBPLM is detectable in urine from newborns, although at substantially lower levels than in adults (157.3 +/- 83.9 ng/mg creatinine). Whether expressed as nanograms per milliliter urine or nanograms per milligram creatinine, MBPLM levels are lower (p < 0.05) from birth through 12 months and greater (p < 0.05) between ages 2 to 8 years than in adults. CONCLUSION: Human urinary MBPLM exhibits a developmental profile that parallels the onset of normal myelination and exceeds normal adult values through early childhood. Thus, urinary MBPLM could serve as a useful marker of myelination in the developing child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Correlates of broad MMPI categories.

Investigated behavioral correlates of MMPI profiles of 363 male psychiatric Ss, classified by the Goldberg system and by two systems based on Welsh's factor scales A and R. For each profile category, frequency of occurrence for 81 behavioral descriptors from an adjective check-list was compared with frequency in the remaining categories. Two of the systems were compared with classification by code-type. Categories were not differentiated strongly on the basis of behavioral descriptors, although some trends were indicated. This study supports the position that interpretive systems that provide relatively few classification alternatives are of limited value in the interpretation of individual profiles. The results are discussed in terms of category heterogeneity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Mechanism of production of intestinal secretion by negative luminal pressure.

The relationships between luminal hydrostatic pressure and fluid transport by dog jejunum in vivo studied as a sheet in the Wells clamp were compared with quantitative predictions from a model proposed for the mechanism of the secretion produced by elevated venous pressure. According to the model, the secretion produced by increasing venous pressure and the secretion produced by negative luminal pressure are both passive filtrates contingent on a transepithelial pressure of a few centimeters of H2O. We consider that the agreement between the observed and predicted responses to luminal pressure provides strong support for the model. In particular, a) the observations displayed a predicted gross asymmetry in rates of fluid transfer with isotonic fluids depending on whether the luminal pressure was positive or negative; b) the observed magnitude of the negative luminal pressure required for the onset of secretion agreed with predictions; and c) the secretion contained significant amounts of protein at about 25% of the plasma concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Problems in assessment of vividness and control of imagery.

Difficulties in assessing individual differences in vividness and control of mental imagery hinder understanding of the role of of imagery in various phenomena. This study examined the relationships among the Gordon test of imagery control, the Betts questionnaire on imagery vividness, and a research questionnaire on control of imagery developed for this study. The research questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and scores were more widely distributed than were those on the Gordon test. Correlations among the instruments ranged from .47 to .57, suggesting that vividness and control of imagery are not clearly differentiated in practice. Discussion of these results suggests that further empirical work is needed to establish the differential validity of the two constructs.

Auditory Perception↗