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Biomedical subjects

J B Madison

Publications and source records attributed to J B Madison.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Surgical treatment of dorsal cortical fractures of the third metacarpal bone in thoroughbred racehorses: 53 cases (1985-1989).

Between January 1985 and May 1989, 53 Thoroughbred horses (mean age 3.2 years) were surgically treated for dorsal cortical fractures of the third metacarpal bone (MC III). All horses were treated with cortical drilling through the fracture line (osteostixis). Diagnosis of the fractures was confirmed by xeroradiography. Lifetime racing records were obtained for all horses. Forty-seven horses returned to racing after surgery (89%). The mean time between surgery and the first race was 6.8 months. Horses had a mean of 10.9 starts before surgery and 16.1 starts after surgery. The mean earnings per start before surgery was $6,459 and after surgery was $5,685. Of the 47 horses that raced after surgery, 70% raced at the same class or improved. Complications related to surgery were seen in 10 horses. Two horses had a second fracture of MC III at the same site, and were again treated by osteostixis, after which both horses returned to competition. Fractured drill bits were left in the MC III of 4 horses. One of these horses had catastrophic failure of MC III. Two horses developed subcutaneous infections and 2 horses had catastrophic failure of MC III in the surgically treated limb. Osteostixis appears to be an effective treatment for returning horses affected with dorsal cortical fractures to racing.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Loop colostomy for management of rectal tears and small-colon injuries in horses: 10 cases (1976-1989).

Loop colostomy was performed in 10 horses as treatment for grade-III rectal tears (n = 6 horses), small-colon infarction (n = 2 horses), perirectal abscess and stenosis (n = 1 horse), and small-colon stricture (n = 1 horse). In 7 horses, the colostomy was constructed through a single incision low in the left flank, with closure of the incision around the stoma (single-incision technique). In 3 horses, 2 of which had colostomy performed as a standing procedure, the selected segment of small colon was placed from a flank incision into a separate, small incision low in the left flank (double-incision technique). Five horses underwent colostomy reversal (at 18 to 63 days) and 2 of these horses, both with grade-III rectal tears, recovered completely. Of 8 horses that did not survive, 6 died from the primary disease or associated complications. Technical problems associated with colostomy accounted for death of 2 horses. One horse had gastric rupture attributable to suture occlusion of the small intestine after colostomy reversal, and another horse had complications of incisional infection after repair of a peristomal hernia. Small-colon prolapse through the stoma necessitated premature reversal of the colostomy in a horse that was euthanatized because of worsening laminitis. Minor complications of the colostomy procedure were partial stomal dehiscence (n = 4 horses), partial dehiscence of the flank wound after colostomy reversal (n = 2 horses), and small ventral midline hernia after colostomy reversal (n = 1 horse). Loop colostomy may be of benefit to horses with rectal tears, provided it is done soon after the tear occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of recurrent coxofemoral luxation in a calf by use of open reduction and translocation of the greater trochanter.

A 4-day-old bull calf was admitted for treatment of a coxofemoral luxation. Closed reduction of the luxation was successfully performed on 2 occasions, and the limb was placed in an Ehmer sling. On both occasions, however, the luxation recurred. The luxation was reduced a third time with open reduction and caudal and distal relocation of the greater trochanter. Luxation did not recur after this treatment, and the calf grew and developed normally.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Influence of wound shape on wound contraction in horses.

Three sets of paired circular and square full-thickness skin wounds were made on the dorsum of the metacarpus (n = 48) of 8 horses. Each wound was 6.25 cm2 in area. The wounds were treated topically with an ointment, nonadherent dressing, and bandaged with a snug elastic wrap. Wounds were photographed every other day until healing was complete. Wound areas were measured and exponential and linear wound healing models were applied to the wound healing data generated. Wound healing variables measured for each wound were: number of days to healing, maximal size attained, rate of wound contraction (calculated by use of first-order and linear models), final wound size, and percentage of wound that healed by contraction. The exponential model fit the data significantly better than the linear model. The maximal size attained by circular wounds was significantly smaller than the maximal size attained by square wounds. Wound shape did not influence the rate of wound healing. On the basis of our findings, conversion of circular defects to square defects would not speed wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Arteriovenous differences for glutamine in the equine gastrointestinal tract.

Glutamine has been shown to be an important metabolic substrate of enterocytes in many animals, including cats, dogs, hamsters, human beings, monkeys, rabbits, rats, and sheep. To determine whether glutamine is important in the metabolism of cells of the equine gastrointestinal tract, we examined transintestinal differences in glutamine concentrations in the arterial and venous circulation, and measured activity of the major glutamine catabolizing enzyme, glutaminase. Arteriovenous differences provide an index of the amount of a given substrate removed by the tissue across which the measurements are made, and commonly are expressed as a percentage of substrate removed, or percent extraction. Arteriovenous differences for glutamine were determined in 7 anesthetized adult horses (weight, 450 to 500 kg) before and after an i.v. glutamine infusion. The mean baseline arterial glutamine concentration (+/- SEM) was 572 +/- 24 microM; this concentration quadrupled (to 2,167 +/- 135 microM, P less than 0.01) 1 minute after i.v. bolus infusion of a 17.5-g glutamine load. Baseline extraction by the portal-drained viscera was 7.5 +/- 1.5%; this value increased to 18 +/- 2% at 1 minute (P less than 0.01) and had returned to baseline values 60 minutes later. Arteriovenous differences were greatest across the jejunum (11.8 +/- 1.8% in the baseline period vs 33.1 +/- 3.1% at 1 minute, P less than 0.001), with smaller differences across the colon, suggesting that the jejunum was the more avid utilizer of glutamine. Glutaminase activity was 4.38 +/- 0.16 and 4.00 +/- 0.60 mumol/mg of protein/h under standard conditions in jejunal and ileal mucosa, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relations among synovial membrane histopathologic findings, synovial fluid cytologic findings, and bacterial culture results in horses with suspected infectious arthritis: 64 cases (1979-1987).

A retrospective evaluation of 64 cases of suspected infectious arthritis in horses was undertaken to determine the relations among histopathologic findings in synovial membrane specimens, cytologic findings in synovial fluid samples, and bacterial culture results. Positive cultures were obtained from 55% of the joints, and 18 different bacterial organisms were cultured. Culturing of synovial fluid yielded bacterial growth more often than did culturing of synovial membrane. Histologic evaluation (H&E and Gram stain) of synovial membrane specimens provided little information to help distinguish infected from culture-negative joints. We do not advocate the routine use of closed synovial biopsy in suspected cases of equine septic arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Signs of abdominal pain caused by disruption of the small intestinal mesentery in three postparturient cows.

Three Holstein cows were admitted on postpartum day 3 with signs of abdominal pain, inappetence, and decreased milk production. All 3 were depressed, tachycardic, and dehydrated. Right paralumbar fossa laparotomy was performed on each cow. At surgery, a rent in the proximal portion of the jejunal mesentery, with perforation of the jejunum adjacent to the mesenteric rent, was found in all 3 cows. All had evidence of severe peritonitis and gross contamination of the abdomen with digesta. Because of severe peritonitis and inability to exteriorize the affected segment of jejunum, all 3 cows were euthanatized. We postulate that the mesenteric rent occurred at the time of parturition, resulting in ischemia and jejunal perforation in the segment of jejunum adjacent to the rent.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1991

Ileal diverticulum as a cause of chronic colic in a horse.

A 4-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with a history of chronic colic was referred for evaluation of signs of abdominal pain. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a diverticulum of the distal portion of the ileum located between the layers of the mesentery. The diverticulum was similar in location and appearance to acquired ileal diverticula described in human beings. Complete bypass of the diverticulum by ileocecostomy resulted in apparent resolution of the chronic colic in this horse.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Repair of shoulder luxation in a horse.

Shoulder luxation in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly was treated by closed reduction, using a calf jack to provide traction on the limb. Arthroscopic examination of the shoulder allowed removal of soft tissue and bony debris. After surgery, the filly was confined to a box stall for 6 months. Eight months after surgery, the filly was doing light work and was not lame. Muscular atrophy present before surgery had resolved. Use of a calf jack may allow reduction of shoulder luxation under field conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of a proprietary topical medication on wound healing and collagen deposition in horses.

Full-thickness skin wounds were created on the dorsum of both metacarpi in 8 horses. Three topical treatment regimens were studied. All wounds were bandaged with a nonadherent dressing, which was held in place with a snug elastic wrap. Group-A wounds were treated with a proprietary topical wound medication that consisted of a spray and an ointment. Group-B wounds were treated with the same regimen, except the putative active ingredients in the ointment were omitted. Group-C wounds were treated with a dry nonadherent bandage only. Wound dressings were changed every day and the limbs were photographed every other day until the wounds were healed. Specimens of normal skin and biopsy specimens of healed wounds were examined histologically and were assayed for hydroxyproline content. Wound healing measurements quantitated for each wound were number of days to healing, maximal wound size attained, day wound contraction commenced, day epithelium first noticed, rate of wound contraction, final wound size, and fraction of the wound that healed by contraction. The cosmetic appearance of the healed wounds was also graded. Significant differences were not noticed in hydroxyproline content, histologic appearance, or any of the wound healing measurements between treatment groups. The cosmetic appearance of healed group-A and -B wounds was significantly better than the appearance of group-C wounds. The topical treatment regimens studied neither enhanced nor inhibited wound healing in this study.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Surgical treatment of a mural teat abscess in a cow.

A 6-year-old multiparous Holstein cow was admitted for evaluation of progressive milk flow obstruction of one quarter of the udder. Physical examination findings suggested the presence of a mural teat abscess. Ultrasonography substantiated the physical examination findings and delineated the extent of the lesion. Surgical excision of the abscess en bloc yielded satisfactory functional and cosmetic results.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Ileocecal intussusception in horses: 26 cases (1981-1988).

The case records of 26 horses with ileocecal intussusception over a 7-year period were reviewed to determine clinical features of the disease and response to treatment. The median age of horses with ileocecal intussusception was 1 year and ranged from 2 weeks to 19 years. There was no apparent gender or breed predisposition to this disease. An acute form of ileocecal intussusception was diagnosed in 19 horses with signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain of less than or equal to 24 hours' duration, and a chronic form was diagnosed in 7 horses with signs of intermittent, mild to moderate abdominal pain of more than 3 days' duration. Horses with chronic ileocecal intussusception had a history of weight loss or failure to gain weight, slow growth, poor appetite, low-grade pyrexia, and postprandial signs of abdominal pain. At surgery, the involved segments of intestine (intussusceptum and intussuscipiens) in chronic cases were 2 to 10 cm long, and the ileum and much of the distal portion of the jejunum were flaccid, dilated, and thick walled. In the acute cases, the length of involved intestine ranged from 6 to 457 cm. Whereas only 1 of 7 chronic intussusceptions (14%) could be reduced, 9 of 19 (47%) acute intussusceptions were reducible. Surgical treatment included resection and jejunocecostomy (6 horses), partial resection through a cecotomy and a side-to-side jejunocecostomy (2 horses), and a side-to-side ileocecostomy or jejunocecostomy without resection (12 horses, 7 of which had chronic intussusception). Six horses with acute intussusception were euthanatized before or during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Primary teat neoplasia in two yearling heifers.

Two yearling heifers developed rapidly growing soft tissue masses attached to the base of the right hind teat. In each heifer, the solitary mass was raised, firm, and attached to the overlying skin. En bloc removal was accomplished in each by positioning the heifer in dorsal recumbency and by using local infiltration analgesia. Histologic examination revealed one of the masses to be fibroma and the other, fibrosarcoma. Neither tumor has recurred, and normal function of the teat was retained.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic gonitis in heifers: 34 cases (1976-1986).

Acute suppurative arthritis of the stifle joint was diagnosed in 34 Holstein heifers between 1976 and 1986. Only 1 stifle joint was affected in each heifer; however, 1 heifer also had involvement of the contralateral radiocarpal joint. In each heifer, there was marked lameness and synovitis characterized by an effusion with high synovial fluid nucleated cell counts and total protein concentration. Seventy-four percent (25/34) of the heifers had radiographic evidence of an osteolytic lesion involving the lateral tibial plateau. Bacteriologic cultures of synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and bone yielded no growth. Eighteen of 23 (78%) affected heifers for which follow-up data was obtained became productive herd members after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Tissue expansion.

Although tissue expansion is unlikely to replace skin grafting and other basic reconstructive procedures in the horse, its continued success in humans will undoubtedly stimulate client interest in its use. Its biggest advantage is the advancement of full-thickness skin over large defects where grafting techniques would not provide the same degree of protection. The resulting cosmetic appearance of the wound is also better.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immune-mediated polysynovitis in four foals.

The deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membrane resulted in polysynovitis in 4 foals. All 4 foals had an infection at a site other than the joints. The polysynovitis was characterized by marked effusions of affected joints and joint stiffness. Bacterial and mycoplasmal cultures of the joints did not yield growth. Staining of synovial membrane biopsy specimens with fluorescein-labeled anti-equine IgG revealed immune complexes in the synovial membrane. Immune-mediated polysynovitis might develop in foals with bacterial infections. We propose that deposition of immunoglobulin in the synovial membrane of the affected foals was caused by an increase in circulating immune complexes formed as a result of the primary disease processes.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1988

Effects of hypocalcaemia on abomasal motility.

Abomasal mechanical and myoelectric activity were measured in two adult Holstein cows. Hypocalcaemia was induced using a constant infusion of disodium EDTA and serum total and diffusible calcium concentrations were measured. Abomasal motility remained normal in the face of declining calcium concentrations until a threshold value was reached (1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol litre-1) below which all mechanical and electrical activity was absent. A similar threshold effect was observed when calcium concentrations were allowed to rise. These data do not support hypocalcaemia as being a clinically important cause of abomasal atony.

Abomasum↗